Use taskq for dump_bytes()
[zfs.git] / module / zfs / spa.c
index d7c5de0..82ee445 100644 (file)
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright 2011 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
  */
 
 /*
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <sys/zil.h>
 #include <sys/ddt.h>
 #include <sys/vdev_impl.h>
+#include <sys/vdev_disk.h>
 #include <sys/metaslab.h>
 #include <sys/metaslab_impl.h>
 #include <sys/uberblock_impl.h>
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@
 #include <sys/spa_boot.h>
 #include <sys/zfs_ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/dsl_scan.h>
+#include <sys/zfeature.h>
 
 #ifdef _KERNEL
 #include <sys/bootprops.h>
 #include "zfs_comutil.h"
 
 typedef enum zti_modes {
-       zti_mode_fixed,                 /* value is # of threads (min 1) */
-       zti_mode_online_percent,        /* value is % of online CPUs */
-       zti_mode_batch,                 /* cpu-intensive; value is ignored */
-       zti_mode_null,                  /* don't create a taskq */
-       zti_nmodes
+       ZTI_MODE_FIXED,                 /* value is # of threads (min 1) */
+       ZTI_MODE_ONLINE_PERCENT,        /* value is % of online CPUs */
+       ZTI_MODE_BATCH,                 /* cpu-intensive; value is ignored */
+       ZTI_MODE_NULL,                  /* don't create a taskq */
+       ZTI_NMODES
 } zti_modes_t;
 
-#define        ZTI_FIX(n)      { zti_mode_fixed, (n) }
-#define        ZTI_PCT(n)      { zti_mode_online_percent, (n) }
-#define        ZTI_BATCH       { zti_mode_batch, 0 }
-#define        ZTI_NULL        { zti_mode_null, 0 }
+#define        ZTI_P(n, q)     { ZTI_MODE_FIXED, (n), (q) }
+#define        ZTI_PCT(n)      { ZTI_MODE_ONLINE_PERCENT, (n), 1 }
+#define        ZTI_BATCH       { ZTI_MODE_BATCH, 0, 1 }
+#define        ZTI_NULL        { ZTI_MODE_NULL, 0, 0 }
 
-#define        ZTI_ONE         ZTI_FIX(1)
+#define        ZTI_N(n)        ZTI_P(n, 1)
+#define        ZTI_ONE         ZTI_N(1)
 
 typedef struct zio_taskq_info {
-       enum zti_modes zti_mode;
+       zti_modes_t zti_mode;
        uint_t zti_value;
+       uint_t zti_count;
 } zio_taskq_info_t;
 
 static const char *const zio_taskq_types[ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES] = {
-       "issue", "issue_high", "intr", "intr_high"
+       "iss", "iss_h", "int", "int_h"
 };
 
 /*
- * Define the taskq threads for the following I/O types:
- *     NULL, READ, WRITE, FREE, CLAIM, and IOCTL
+ * This table defines the taskq settings for each ZFS I/O type. When
+ * initializing a pool, we use this table to create an appropriately sized
+ * taskq. Some operations are low volume and therefore have a small, static
+ * number of threads assigned to their taskqs using the ZTI_N(#) or ZTI_ONE
+ * macros. Other operations process a large amount of data; the ZTI_BATCH
+ * macro causes us to create a taskq oriented for throughput. Some operations
+ * are so high frequency and short-lived that the taskq itself can become a a
+ * point of lock contention. The ZTI_P(#, #) macro indicates that we need an
+ * additional degree of parallelism specified by the number of threads per-
+ * taskq and the number of taskqs; when dispatching an event in this case, the
+ * particular taskq is chosen at random.
+ *
+ * The different taskq priorities are to handle the different contexts (issue
+ * and interrupt) and then to reserve threads for ZIO_PRIORITY_NOW I/Os that
+ * need to be handled with minimum delay.
  */
 const zio_taskq_info_t zio_taskqs[ZIO_TYPES][ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES] = {
        /* ISSUE        ISSUE_HIGH      INTR            INTR_HIGH */
-       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL },
-       { ZTI_FIX(8),   ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_BATCH,      ZTI_NULL },
-       { ZTI_BATCH,    ZTI_FIX(5),     ZTI_FIX(8),     ZTI_FIX(5) },
-       { ZTI_FIX(100), ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL },
-       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL },
-       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL },
+       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* NULL */
+       { ZTI_N(8),     ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_BATCH,      ZTI_NULL }, /* READ */
+       { ZTI_BATCH,    ZTI_N(5),       ZTI_N(16),      ZTI_N(5) }, /* WRITE */
+       { ZTI_P(4, 8),  ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* FREE */
+       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* CLAIM */
+       { ZTI_ONE,      ZTI_NULL,       ZTI_ONE,        ZTI_NULL }, /* IOCTL */
 };
 
+static dsl_syncfunc_t spa_sync_version;
 static dsl_syncfunc_t spa_sync_props;
+static dsl_checkfunc_t spa_change_guid_check;
+static dsl_syncfunc_t spa_change_guid_sync;
 static boolean_t spa_has_active_shared_spare(spa_t *spa);
-static int spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t, nvlist_t *config,
+static inline int spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t, nvlist_t *config,
     spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type, boolean_t mosconfig,
     char **ereport);
+static void spa_vdev_resilver_done(spa_t *spa);
 
 uint_t         zio_taskq_batch_pct = 100;      /* 1 thread per cpu in pset */
 id_t           zio_taskq_psrset_bind = PS_NONE;
@@ -146,7 +169,7 @@ spa_prop_add_list(nvlist_t *nvl, zpool_prop_t prop, char *strval,
        const char *propname = zpool_prop_to_name(prop);
        nvlist_t *propval;
 
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&propval, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&propval, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(propval, ZPROP_SOURCE, src) == 0);
 
        if (strval != NULL)
@@ -164,15 +187,19 @@ spa_prop_add_list(nvlist_t *nvl, zpool_prop_t prop, char *strval,
 static void
 spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
 {
+       vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       dsl_pool_t *pool = spa->spa_dsl_pool;
        uint64_t size;
        uint64_t alloc;
+       uint64_t space;
        uint64_t cap, version;
        zprop_source_t src = ZPROP_SRC_NONE;
        spa_config_dirent_t *dp;
+       int c;
 
        ASSERT(MUTEX_HELD(&spa->spa_props_lock));
 
-       if (spa->spa_root_vdev != NULL) {
+       if (rvd != NULL) {
                alloc = metaslab_class_get_alloc(spa_normal_class(spa));
                size = metaslab_class_get_space(spa_normal_class(spa));
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_NAME, spa_name(spa), 0, src);
@@ -181,6 +208,17 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_FREE, NULL,
                    size - alloc, src);
 
+               space = 0;
+               for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+                       vdev_t *tvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
+                       space += tvd->vdev_max_asize - tvd->vdev_asize;
+               }
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_EXPANDSZ, NULL, space,
+                   src);
+
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_READONLY, NULL,
+                   (spa_mode(spa) == FREAD), src);
+
                cap = (size == 0) ? 0 : (alloc * 100 / size);
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_CAPACITY, NULL, cap, src);
 
@@ -188,7 +226,7 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                    ddt_get_pool_dedup_ratio(spa), src);
 
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_HEALTH, NULL,
-                   spa->spa_root_vdev->vdev_state, src);
+                   rvd->vdev_state, src);
 
                version = spa_version(spa);
                if (version == zpool_prop_default_numeric(ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION))
@@ -198,8 +236,29 @@ spa_prop_get_config(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION, NULL, version, src);
        }
 
+       if (pool != NULL) {
+               dsl_dir_t *freedir = pool->dp_free_dir;
+
+               /*
+                * The $FREE directory was introduced in SPA_VERSION_DEADLISTS,
+                * when opening pools before this version freedir will be NULL.
+                */
+               if (freedir != NULL) {
+                       spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_FREEING, NULL,
+                           freedir->dd_phys->dd_used_bytes, src);
+               } else {
+                       spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_FREEING,
+                           NULL, 0, src);
+               }
+       }
+
        spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_GUID, NULL, spa_guid(spa), src);
 
+       if (spa->spa_comment != NULL) {
+               spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_COMMENT, spa->spa_comment,
+                   0, ZPROP_SRC_LOCAL);
+       }
+
        if (spa->spa_root != NULL)
                spa_prop_add_list(*nvp, ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT, spa->spa_root,
                    0, ZPROP_SRC_LOCAL);
@@ -226,7 +285,9 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
        zap_attribute_t za;
        int err;
 
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(nvp, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+       err = nvlist_alloc(nvp, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE);
+       if (err)
+               return err;
 
        mutex_enter(&spa->spa_props_lock);
 
@@ -238,7 +299,7 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
        /* If no pool property object, no more prop to get. */
        if (mos == NULL || spa->spa_pool_props_object == 0) {
                mutex_exit(&spa->spa_props_lock);
-               return (0);
+               goto out;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -268,15 +329,15 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
 
                                dp = spa_get_dsl(spa);
                                rw_enter(&dp->dp_config_rwlock, RW_READER);
-                               if (err = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp,
-                                   za.za_first_integer, FTAG, &ds)) {
+                               if ((err = dsl_dataset_hold_obj(dp,
+                                   za.za_first_integer, FTAG, &ds))) {
                                        rw_exit(&dp->dp_config_rwlock);
                                        break;
                                }
 
                                strval = kmem_alloc(
                                    MAXNAMELEN + strlen(MOS_DIR_NAME) + 1,
-                                   KM_SLEEP);
+                                   KM_PUSHPAGE);
                                dsl_dataset_name(ds, strval);
                                dsl_dataset_rele(ds, FTAG);
                                rw_exit(&dp->dp_config_rwlock);
@@ -295,7 +356,7 @@ spa_prop_get(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t **nvp)
 
                case 1:
                        /* string property */
-                       strval = kmem_alloc(za.za_num_integers, KM_SLEEP);
+                       strval = kmem_alloc(za.za_num_integers, KM_PUSHPAGE);
                        err = zap_lookup(mos, spa->spa_pool_props_object,
                            za.za_name, 1, za.za_num_integers, strval);
                        if (err) {
@@ -331,26 +392,56 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
 {
        nvpair_t *elem;
        int error = 0, reset_bootfs = 0;
-       uint64_t objnum;
+       uint64_t objnum = 0;
+       boolean_t has_feature = B_FALSE;
 
        elem = NULL;
        while ((elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(props, elem)) != NULL) {
-               zpool_prop_t prop;
-               char *propname, *strval;
                uint64_t intval;
-               objset_t *os;
-               char *slash;
+               char *strval, *slash, *check, *fname;
+               const char *propname = nvpair_name(elem);
+               zpool_prop_t prop = zpool_name_to_prop(propname);
+
+               switch ((int)prop) {
+               case ZPROP_INVAL:
+                       if (!zpool_prop_feature(propname)) {
+                               error = EINVAL;
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Sanitize the input.
+                        */
+                       if (nvpair_type(elem) != DATA_TYPE_UINT64) {
+                               error = EINVAL;
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (nvpair_value_uint64(elem, &intval) != 0) {
+                               error = EINVAL;
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       if (intval != 0) {
+                               error = EINVAL;
+                               break;
+                       }
 
-               propname = nvpair_name(elem);
+                       fname = strchr(propname, '@') + 1;
+                       if (zfeature_lookup_name(fname, NULL) != 0) {
+                               error = EINVAL;
+                               break;
+                       }
 
-               if ((prop = zpool_name_to_prop(propname)) == ZPROP_INVAL)
-                       return (EINVAL);
+                       has_feature = B_TRUE;
+                       break;
 
-               switch (prop) {
                case ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION:
                        error = nvpair_value_uint64(elem, &intval);
                        if (!error &&
-                           (intval < spa_version(spa) || intval > SPA_VERSION))
+                           (intval < spa_version(spa) ||
+                           intval > SPA_VERSION_BEFORE_FEATURES ||
+                           has_feature))
                                error = EINVAL;
                        break;
 
@@ -387,6 +478,7 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                        error = nvpair_value_string(elem, &strval);
 
                        if (!error) {
+                               objset_t *os;
                                uint64_t compress;
 
                                if (strval == NULL || strval[0] == '\0') {
@@ -395,7 +487,7 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               if (error = dmu_objset_hold(strval, FTAG, &os))
+                               if ((error = dmu_objset_hold(strval,FTAG,&os)))
                                        break;
 
                                /* Must be ZPL and not gzip compressed. */
@@ -459,6 +551,20 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                                error = EINVAL;
                        break;
 
+               case ZPOOL_PROP_COMMENT:
+                       if ((error = nvpair_value_string(elem, &strval)) != 0)
+                               break;
+                       for (check = strval; *check != '\0'; check++) {
+                               if (!isprint(*check)) {
+                                       error = EINVAL;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               check++;
+                       }
+                       if (strlen(strval) > ZPROP_MAX_COMMENT)
+                               error = E2BIG;
+                       break;
+
                case ZPOOL_PROP_DEDUPDITTO:
                        if (spa_version(spa) < SPA_VERSION_DEDUP)
                                error = ENOTSUP;
@@ -468,6 +574,9 @@ spa_prop_validate(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *props)
                            intval != 0 && intval < ZIO_DEDUPDITTO_MIN)
                                error = EINVAL;
                        break;
+
+               default:
+                       break;
                }
 
                if (error)
@@ -498,7 +607,7 @@ spa_configfile_set(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvp, boolean_t need_sync)
                return;
 
        dp = kmem_alloc(sizeof (spa_config_dirent_t),
-           KM_SLEEP);
+           KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
        if (cachefile[0] == '\0')
                dp->scd_path = spa_strdup(spa_config_path);
@@ -516,31 +625,58 @@ int
 spa_prop_set(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvp)
 {
        int error;
-       nvpair_t *elem;
+       nvpair_t *elem = NULL;
        boolean_t need_sync = B_FALSE;
-       zpool_prop_t prop;
 
        if ((error = spa_prop_validate(spa, nvp)) != 0)
                return (error);
 
-       elem = NULL;
        while ((elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(nvp, elem)) != NULL) {
-               if ((prop = zpool_name_to_prop(
-                   nvpair_name(elem))) == ZPROP_INVAL)
-                       return (EINVAL);
+               zpool_prop_t prop = zpool_name_to_prop(nvpair_name(elem));
 
-               if (prop == ZPOOL_PROP_CACHEFILE || prop == ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT)
+               if (prop == ZPOOL_PROP_CACHEFILE ||
+                   prop == ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT ||
+                   prop == ZPOOL_PROP_READONLY)
                        continue;
 
+               if (prop == ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION || prop == ZPROP_INVAL) {
+                       uint64_t ver;
+
+                       if (prop == ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION) {
+                               VERIFY(nvpair_value_uint64(elem, &ver) == 0);
+                       } else {
+                               ASSERT(zpool_prop_feature(nvpair_name(elem)));
+                               ver = SPA_VERSION_FEATURES;
+                               need_sync = B_TRUE;
+                       }
+
+                       /* Save time if the version is already set. */
+                       if (ver == spa_version(spa))
+                               continue;
+
+                       /*
+                        * In addition to the pool directory object, we might
+                        * create the pool properties object, the features for
+                        * read object, the features for write object, or the
+                        * feature descriptions object.
+                        */
+                       error = dsl_sync_task_do(spa_get_dsl(spa), NULL,
+                           spa_sync_version, spa, &ver, 6);
+                       if (error)
+                               return (error);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
                need_sync = B_TRUE;
                break;
        }
 
-       if (need_sync)
+       if (need_sync) {
                return (dsl_sync_task_do(spa_get_dsl(spa), NULL, spa_sync_props,
-                   spa, nvp, 3));
-       else
-               return (0);
+                   spa, nvp, 6));
+       }
+
+       return (0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -557,6 +693,78 @@ spa_prop_clear_bootfs(spa_t *spa, uint64_t dsobj, dmu_tx_t *tx)
        }
 }
 
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+static int
+spa_change_guid_check(void *arg1, void *arg2, dmu_tx_t *tx)
+{
+       spa_t *spa = arg1;
+       vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       uint64_t vdev_state;
+       ASSERTV(uint64_t *newguid = arg2);
+
+       spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG, RW_READER);
+       vdev_state = rvd->vdev_state;
+       spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG);
+
+       if (vdev_state != VDEV_STATE_HEALTHY)
+               return (ENXIO);
+
+       ASSERT3U(spa_guid(spa), !=, *newguid);
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+spa_change_guid_sync(void *arg1, void *arg2, dmu_tx_t *tx)
+{
+       spa_t *spa = arg1;
+       uint64_t *newguid = arg2;
+       uint64_t oldguid;
+       vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+
+       oldguid = spa_guid(spa);
+
+       spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG, RW_READER);
+       rvd->vdev_guid = *newguid;
+       rvd->vdev_guid_sum += (*newguid - oldguid);
+       vdev_config_dirty(rvd);
+       spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG);
+
+       spa_history_log_internal(LOG_POOL_GUID_CHANGE, spa, tx,
+           "old=%lld new=%lld", oldguid, *newguid);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change the GUID for the pool.  This is done so that we can later
+ * re-import a pool built from a clone of our own vdevs.  We will modify
+ * the root vdev's guid, our own pool guid, and then mark all of our
+ * vdevs dirty.  Note that we must make sure that all our vdevs are
+ * online when we do this, or else any vdevs that weren't present
+ * would be orphaned from our pool.  We are also going to issue a
+ * sysevent to update any watchers.
+ */
+int
+spa_change_guid(spa_t *spa)
+{
+       int error;
+       uint64_t guid;
+
+       mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
+       guid = spa_generate_guid(NULL);
+
+       error = dsl_sync_task_do(spa_get_dsl(spa), spa_change_guid_check,
+           spa_change_guid_sync, spa, &guid, 5);
+
+       if (error == 0) {
+               spa_config_sync(spa, B_FALSE, B_TRUE);
+               spa_event_notify(spa, NULL, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_POOL_REGUID);
+       }
+
+       mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
+
+       return (error);
+}
+
 /*
  * ==========================================================================
  * SPA state manipulation (open/create/destroy/import/export)
@@ -601,70 +809,161 @@ spa_get_errlists(spa_t *spa, avl_tree_t *last, avl_tree_t *scrub)
            offsetof(spa_error_entry_t, se_avl));
 }
 
-static taskq_t *
-spa_taskq_create(spa_t *spa, const char *name, enum zti_modes mode,
-    uint_t value)
+static void
+spa_taskqs_init(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q)
 {
-       uint_t flags = TASKQ_PREPOPULATE;
+       const zio_taskq_info_t *ztip = &zio_taskqs[t][q];
+       enum zti_modes mode = ztip->zti_mode;
+       uint_t value = ztip->zti_value;
+       uint_t count = ztip->zti_count;
+       spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
+       char name[32];
+       uint_t i, flags = 0;
        boolean_t batch = B_FALSE;
 
-       switch (mode) {
-       case zti_mode_null:
-               return (NULL);          /* no taskq needed */
+       if (mode == ZTI_MODE_NULL) {
+               tqs->stqs_count = 0;
+               tqs->stqs_taskq = NULL;
+               return;
+       }
 
-       case zti_mode_fixed:
-               ASSERT3U(value, >=, 1);
-               value = MAX(value, 1);
-               break;
+       ASSERT3U(count, >, 0);
 
-       case zti_mode_batch:
-               batch = B_TRUE;
-               flags |= TASKQ_THREADS_CPU_PCT;
-               value = zio_taskq_batch_pct;
-               break;
+       tqs->stqs_count = count;
+       tqs->stqs_taskq = kmem_alloc(count * sizeof (taskq_t *), KM_SLEEP);
 
-       case zti_mode_online_percent:
-               flags |= TASKQ_THREADS_CPU_PCT;
-               break;
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+               taskq_t *tq;
 
-       default:
-               panic("unrecognized mode for %s taskq (%u:%u) in "
-                   "spa_activate()",
-                   name, mode, value);
-               break;
+               switch (mode) {
+               case ZTI_MODE_FIXED:
+                       ASSERT3U(value, >=, 1);
+                       value = MAX(value, 1);
+                       break;
+
+               case ZTI_MODE_BATCH:
+                       batch = B_TRUE;
+                       flags |= TASKQ_THREADS_CPU_PCT;
+                       value = zio_taskq_batch_pct;
+                       break;
+
+               case ZTI_MODE_ONLINE_PERCENT:
+                       flags |= TASKQ_THREADS_CPU_PCT;
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       panic("unrecognized mode for %s_%s taskq (%u:%u) in "
+                           "spa_activate()",
+                           zio_type_name[t], zio_taskq_types[q], mode, value);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (count > 1) {
+                       (void) snprintf(name, sizeof (name), "%s_%s_%u",
+                           zio_type_name[t], zio_taskq_types[q], i);
+               } else {
+                       (void) snprintf(name, sizeof (name), "%s_%s",
+                           zio_type_name[t], zio_taskq_types[q]);
+               }
+
+               if (zio_taskq_sysdc && spa->spa_proc != &p0) {
+                       if (batch)
+                               flags |= TASKQ_DC_BATCH;
+
+                       tq = taskq_create_sysdc(name, value, 50, INT_MAX,
+                           spa->spa_proc, zio_taskq_basedc, flags);
+               } else {
+                       tq = taskq_create_proc(name, value, maxclsyspri, 50,
+                           INT_MAX, spa->spa_proc, flags);
+               }
+
+               tqs->stqs_taskq[i] = tq;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+spa_taskqs_fini(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q)
+{
+       spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
+       uint_t i;
+
+       if (tqs->stqs_taskq == NULL) {
+               ASSERT3U(tqs->stqs_count, ==, 0);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < tqs->stqs_count; i++) {
+               ASSERT3P(tqs->stqs_taskq[i], !=, NULL);
+               taskq_destroy(tqs->stqs_taskq[i]);
+       }
+
+       kmem_free(tqs->stqs_taskq, tqs->stqs_count * sizeof (taskq_t *));
+       tqs->stqs_taskq = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Dispatch a task to the appropriate taskq for the ZFS I/O type and priority.
+ * Note that a type may have multiple discrete taskqs to avoid lock contention
+ * on the taskq itself. In that case we choose which taskq at random by using
+ * the low bits of gethrtime().
+ */
+void
+spa_taskq_dispatch_ent(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q,
+    task_func_t *func, void *arg, uint_t flags, taskq_ent_t *ent)
+{
+       spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
+       taskq_t *tq;
+
+       ASSERT3P(tqs->stqs_taskq, !=, NULL);
+       ASSERT3U(tqs->stqs_count, !=, 0);
+
+       if (tqs->stqs_count == 1) {
+               tq = tqs->stqs_taskq[0];
+       } else {
+               tq = tqs->stqs_taskq[gethrtime() % tqs->stqs_count];
        }
 
-       if (zio_taskq_sysdc && spa->spa_proc != &p0) {
-               if (batch)
-                       flags |= TASKQ_DC_BATCH;
+       taskq_dispatch_ent(tq, func, arg, flags, ent);
+}
 
-               return (taskq_create_sysdc(name, value, 50, INT_MAX,
-                   spa->spa_proc, zio_taskq_basedc, flags));
+/*
+ * Same as spa_taskq_dispatch_ent() but block on the task until completion.
+ */
+void
+spa_taskq_dispatch_sync(spa_t *spa, zio_type_t t, zio_taskq_type_t q,
+    task_func_t *func, void *arg, uint_t flags)
+{
+       spa_taskqs_t *tqs = &spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q];
+       taskq_t *tq;
+       taskqid_t id;
+
+       ASSERT3P(tqs->stqs_taskq, !=, NULL);
+       ASSERT3U(tqs->stqs_count, !=, 0);
+
+       if (tqs->stqs_count == 1) {
+               tq = tqs->stqs_taskq[0];
+       } else {
+               tq = tqs->stqs_taskq[gethrtime() % tqs->stqs_count];
        }
-       return (taskq_create_proc(name, value, maxclsyspri, 50, INT_MAX,
-           spa->spa_proc, flags));
+
+       id = taskq_dispatch(tq, func, arg, flags);
+       if (id)
+               taskq_wait_id(tq, id);
 }
 
 static void
 spa_create_zio_taskqs(spa_t *spa)
 {
-       for (int t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
-               for (int q = 0; q < ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES; q++) {
-                       const zio_taskq_info_t *ztip = &zio_taskqs[t][q];
-                       enum zti_modes mode = ztip->zti_mode;
-                       uint_t value = ztip->zti_value;
-                       char name[32];
-
-                       (void) snprintf(name, sizeof (name),
-                           "%s_%s", zio_type_name[t], zio_taskq_types[q]);
-
-                       spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q] =
-                           spa_taskq_create(spa, name, mode, value);
+       int t, q;
+
+       for (t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
+               for (q = 0; q < ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES; q++) {
+                       spa_taskqs_init(spa, t, q);
                }
        }
 }
 
-#ifdef _KERNEL
+#if defined(_KERNEL) && defined(HAVE_SPA_THREAD)
 static void
 spa_thread(void *arg)
 {
@@ -754,6 +1053,7 @@ spa_activate(spa_t *spa, int mode)
        ASSERT(spa->spa_proc == &p0);
        spa->spa_did = 0;
 
+#ifdef HAVE_SPA_THREAD
        /* Only create a process if we're going to be around a while. */
        if (spa_create_process && strcmp(spa->spa_name, TRYIMPORT_NAME) != 0) {
                if (newproc(spa_thread, (caddr_t)spa, syscid, maxclsyspri,
@@ -774,6 +1074,7 @@ spa_activate(spa_t *spa, int mode)
 #endif
                }
        }
+#endif /* HAVE_SPA_THREAD */
        mutex_exit(&spa->spa_proc_lock);
 
        /* If we didn't create a process, we need to create our taskqs. */
@@ -803,6 +1104,8 @@ spa_activate(spa_t *spa, int mode)
 static void
 spa_deactivate(spa_t *spa)
 {
+       int t, q;
+
        ASSERT(spa->spa_sync_on == B_FALSE);
        ASSERT(spa->spa_dsl_pool == NULL);
        ASSERT(spa->spa_root_vdev == NULL);
@@ -814,11 +1117,11 @@ spa_deactivate(spa_t *spa)
        list_destroy(&spa->spa_config_dirty_list);
        list_destroy(&spa->spa_state_dirty_list);
 
-       for (int t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
-               for (int q = 0; q < ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES; q++) {
-                       if (spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q] != NULL)
-                               taskq_destroy(spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q]);
-                       spa->spa_zio_taskq[t][q] = NULL;
+       taskq_cancel_id(system_taskq, spa->spa_deadman_tqid);
+
+       for (t = 0; t < ZIO_TYPES; t++) {
+               for (q = 0; q < ZIO_TASKQ_TYPES; q++) {
+                       spa_taskqs_fini(spa, t, q);
                }
        }
 
@@ -878,6 +1181,7 @@ spa_config_parse(spa_t *spa, vdev_t **vdp, nvlist_t *nv, vdev_t *parent,
        nvlist_t **child;
        uint_t children;
        int error;
+       int c;
 
        if ((error = vdev_alloc(spa, vdp, nv, parent, id, atype)) != 0)
                return (error);
@@ -897,7 +1201,7 @@ spa_config_parse(spa_t *spa, vdev_t **vdp, nvlist_t *nv, vdev_t *parent,
                return (EINVAL);
        }
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < children; c++) {
                vdev_t *vd;
                if ((error = spa_config_parse(spa, &vd, child[c], *vdp, c,
                    atype)) != 0) {
@@ -983,8 +1287,10 @@ spa_unload(spa_t *spa)
        }
        spa->spa_spares.sav_count = 0;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_l2cache.sav_count; i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_l2cache.sav_count; i++) {
+               vdev_clear_stats(spa->spa_l2cache.sav_vdevs[i]);
                vdev_free(spa->spa_l2cache.sav_vdevs[i]);
+       }
        if (spa->spa_l2cache.sav_vdevs) {
                kmem_free(spa->spa_l2cache.sav_vdevs,
                    spa->spa_l2cache.sav_count * sizeof (void *));
@@ -998,6 +1304,11 @@ spa_unload(spa_t *spa)
 
        spa->spa_async_suspended = 0;
 
+       if (spa->spa_comment != NULL) {
+               spa_strfree(spa->spa_comment);
+               spa->spa_comment = NULL;
+       }
+
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
 }
 
@@ -1057,7 +1368,7 @@ spa_load_spares(spa_t *spa)
         * active configuration, then we also mark this vdev as an active spare.
         */
        spa->spa_spares.sav_vdevs = kmem_alloc(nspares * sizeof (void *),
-           KM_SLEEP);
+           KM_PUSHPAGE);
        for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_spares.sav_count; i++) {
                VERIFY(spa_config_parse(spa, &vd, spares[i], NULL, 0,
                    VDEV_ALLOC_SPARE) == 0);
@@ -1105,7 +1416,7 @@ spa_load_spares(spa_t *spa)
            DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
 
        spares = kmem_alloc(spa->spa_spares.sav_count * sizeof (void *),
-           KM_SLEEP);
+           KM_PUSHPAGE);
        for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_spares.sav_count; i++)
                spares[i] = vdev_config_generate(spa,
                    spa->spa_spares.sav_vdevs[i], B_TRUE, VDEV_CONFIG_SPARE);
@@ -1131,7 +1442,7 @@ spa_load_l2cache(spa_t *spa)
        uint_t nl2cache;
        int i, j, oldnvdevs;
        uint64_t guid;
-       vdev_t *vd, **oldvdevs, **newvdevs;
+       vdev_t *vd, **oldvdevs, **newvdevs = NULL;
        spa_aux_vdev_t *sav = &spa->spa_l2cache;
 
        ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_ALL, RW_WRITER) == SCL_ALL);
@@ -1139,7 +1450,7 @@ spa_load_l2cache(spa_t *spa)
        if (sav->sav_config != NULL) {
                VERIFY(nvlist_lookup_nvlist_array(sav->sav_config,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE, &l2cache, &nl2cache) == 0);
-               newvdevs = kmem_alloc(nl2cache * sizeof (void *), KM_SLEEP);
+               newvdevs = kmem_alloc(nl2cache * sizeof (void *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
        } else {
                nl2cache = 0;
        }
@@ -1207,11 +1518,13 @@ spa_load_l2cache(spa_t *spa)
 
                vd = oldvdevs[i];
                if (vd != NULL) {
+                       ASSERT(vd->vdev_isl2cache);
+
                        if (spa_l2cache_exists(vd->vdev_guid, &pool) &&
                            pool != 0ULL && l2arc_vdev_present(vd))
                                l2arc_remove_vdev(vd);
-                       (void) vdev_close(vd);
-                       spa_l2cache_remove(vd);
+                       vdev_clear_stats(vd);
+                       vdev_free(vd);
                }
        }
 
@@ -1231,7 +1544,7 @@ spa_load_l2cache(spa_t *spa)
        VERIFY(nvlist_remove(sav->sav_config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE,
            DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
 
-       l2cache = kmem_alloc(sav->sav_count * sizeof (void *), KM_SLEEP);
+       l2cache = kmem_alloc(sav->sav_count * sizeof (void *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
        for (i = 0; i < sav->sav_count; i++)
                l2cache[i] = vdev_config_generate(spa,
                    sav->sav_vdevs[i], B_TRUE, VDEV_CONFIG_L2CACHE);
@@ -1253,11 +1566,14 @@ load_nvlist(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, nvlist_t **value)
        int error;
        *value = NULL;
 
-       VERIFY(0 == dmu_bonus_hold(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, FTAG, &db));
+       error = dmu_bonus_hold(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, FTAG, &db);
+       if (error)
+               return (error);
+
        nvsize = *(uint64_t *)db->db_data;
        dmu_buf_rele(db, FTAG);
 
-       packed = kmem_alloc(nvsize, KM_SLEEP);
+       packed = kmem_alloc(nvsize, KM_PUSHPAGE | KM_NODEBUG);
        error = dmu_read(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, 0, nvsize, packed,
            DMU_READ_PREFETCH);
        if (error == 0)
@@ -1274,46 +1590,150 @@ load_nvlist(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, nvlist_t **value)
 static void
 spa_check_removed(vdev_t *vd)
 {
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
+       int c;
+
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
                spa_check_removed(vd->vdev_child[c]);
 
        if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf && vdev_is_dead(vd)) {
-               zfs_post_autoreplace(vd->vdev_spa, vd);
-               spa_event_notify(vd->vdev_spa, vd, ESC_ZFS_VDEV_CHECK);
+               zfs_ereport_post(FM_EREPORT_RESOURCE_AUTOREPLACE,
+                   vd->vdev_spa, vd, NULL, 0, 0);
+               spa_event_notify(vd->vdev_spa, vd, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DEVICE_CHECK);
        }
 }
 
 /*
- * Load the slog device state from the config object since it's possible
- * that the label does not contain the most up-to-date information.
+ * Validate the current config against the MOS config
  */
-void
-spa_load_log_state(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nv)
+static boolean_t
+spa_config_valid(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
 {
-       vdev_t *ovd, *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       vdev_t *mrvd, *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       nvlist_t *nv;
+       int c, i;
+
+       VERIFY(nvlist_lookup_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_TREE, &nv) == 0);
+
+       spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
+       VERIFY(spa_config_parse(spa, &mrvd, nv, NULL, 0, VDEV_ALLOC_LOAD) == 0);
+
+       ASSERT3U(rvd->vdev_children, ==, mrvd->vdev_children);
 
        /*
-        * Load the original root vdev tree from the passed config.
+        * If we're doing a normal import, then build up any additional
+        * diagnostic information about missing devices in this config.
+        * We'll pass this up to the user for further processing.
         */
-       spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
-       VERIFY(spa_config_parse(spa, &ovd, nv, NULL, 0, VDEV_ALLOC_LOAD) == 0);
+       if (!(spa->spa_import_flags & ZFS_IMPORT_MISSING_LOG)) {
+               nvlist_t **child, *nv;
+               uint64_t idx = 0;
+
+               child = kmem_alloc(rvd->vdev_children * sizeof (nvlist_t **),
+                   KM_PUSHPAGE);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nv, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
+
+               for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+                       vdev_t *tvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
+                       vdev_t *mtvd  = mrvd->vdev_child[c];
+
+                       if (tvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_missing_ops &&
+                           mtvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_missing_ops &&
+                           mtvd->vdev_islog)
+                               child[idx++] = vdev_config_generate(spa, mtvd,
+                                   B_FALSE, 0);
+               }
+
+               if (idx) {
+                       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(nv,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_CHILDREN, child, idx) == 0);
+                       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(spa->spa_load_info,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_MISSING_DEVICES, nv) == 0);
+
+                       for (i = 0; i < idx; i++)
+                               nvlist_free(child[i]);
+               }
+               nvlist_free(nv);
+               kmem_free(child, rvd->vdev_children * sizeof (char **));
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Compare the root vdev tree with the information we have
+        * from the MOS config (mrvd). Check each top-level vdev
+        * with the corresponding MOS config top-level (mtvd).
+        */
+       for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+               vdev_t *tvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
+               vdev_t *mtvd  = mrvd->vdev_child[c];
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
-               vdev_t *cvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
-               if (cvd->vdev_islog)
-                       vdev_load_log_state(cvd, ovd->vdev_child[c]);
+               /*
+                * Resolve any "missing" vdevs in the current configuration.
+                * If we find that the MOS config has more accurate information
+                * about the top-level vdev then use that vdev instead.
+                */
+               if (tvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_missing_ops &&
+                   mtvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_missing_ops) {
+
+                       if (!(spa->spa_import_flags & ZFS_IMPORT_MISSING_LOG))
+                               continue;
+
+                       /*
+                        * Device specific actions.
+                        */
+                       if (mtvd->vdev_islog) {
+                               spa_set_log_state(spa, SPA_LOG_CLEAR);
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * XXX - once we have 'readonly' pool
+                                * support we should be able to handle
+                                * missing data devices by transitioning
+                                * the pool to readonly.
+                                */
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       /*
+                        * Swap the missing vdev with the data we were
+                        * able to obtain from the MOS config.
+                        */
+                       vdev_remove_child(rvd, tvd);
+                       vdev_remove_child(mrvd, mtvd);
+
+                       vdev_add_child(rvd, mtvd);
+                       vdev_add_child(mrvd, tvd);
+
+                       spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
+                       vdev_load(mtvd);
+                       spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
+
+                       vdev_reopen(rvd);
+               } else if (mtvd->vdev_islog) {
+                       /*
+                        * Load the slog device's state from the MOS config
+                        * since it's possible that the label does not
+                        * contain the most up-to-date information.
+                        */
+                       vdev_load_log_state(tvd, mtvd);
+                       vdev_reopen(tvd);
+               }
        }
-       vdev_free(ovd);
+       vdev_free(mrvd);
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
+
+       /*
+        * Ensure we were able to validate the config.
+        */
+       return (rvd->vdev_guid_sum == spa->spa_uberblock.ub_guid_sum);
 }
 
 /*
  * Check for missing log devices
  */
-int
+static int
 spa_check_logs(spa_t *spa)
 {
        switch (spa->spa_log_state) {
+       default:
+               break;
        case SPA_LOG_MISSING:
                /* need to recheck in case slog has been restored */
        case SPA_LOG_UNKNOWN:
@@ -1332,13 +1752,14 @@ spa_passivate_log(spa_t *spa)
 {
        vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
        boolean_t slog_found = B_FALSE;
+       int c;
 
        ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_ALLOC, RW_WRITER));
 
        if (!spa_has_slogs(spa))
                return (B_FALSE);
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
                vdev_t *tvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
                metaslab_group_t *mg = tvd->vdev_mg;
 
@@ -1355,10 +1776,11 @@ static void
 spa_activate_log(spa_t *spa)
 {
        vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       int c;
 
        ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_ALLOC, RW_WRITER));
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
                vdev_t *tvd = rvd->vdev_child[c];
                metaslab_group_t *mg = tvd->vdev_mg;
 
@@ -1388,7 +1810,9 @@ spa_offline_log(spa_t *spa)
 static void
 spa_aux_check_removed(spa_aux_vdev_t *sav)
 {
-       for (int i = 0; i < sav->sav_count; i++)
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < sav->sav_count; i++)
                spa_check_removed(sav->sav_vdevs[i]);
 }
 
@@ -1420,7 +1844,7 @@ spa_load_verify_done(zio_t *zio)
        int error = zio->io_error;
 
        if (error) {
-               if ((BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) != 0 || dmu_ot[type].ot_metadata) &&
+               if ((BP_GET_LEVEL(bp) != 0 || DMU_OT_IS_METADATA(type)) &&
                    type != DMU_OT_INTENT_LOG)
                        atomic_add_64(&sle->sle_meta_count, 1);
                else
@@ -1474,9 +1898,19 @@ spa_load_verify(spa_t *spa)
 
        if (!error && sle.sle_meta_count <= policy.zrp_maxmeta &&
            sle.sle_data_count <= policy.zrp_maxdata) {
+               int64_t loss = 0;
+
                verify_ok = B_TRUE;
                spa->spa_load_txg = spa->spa_uberblock.ub_txg;
                spa->spa_load_txg_ts = spa->spa_uberblock.ub_timestamp;
+
+               loss = spa->spa_last_ubsync_txg_ts - spa->spa_load_txg_ts;
+               VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(spa->spa_load_info,
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_TIME, spa->spa_load_txg_ts) == 0);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_add_int64(spa->spa_load_info,
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_REWIND_TIME, loss) == 0);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(spa->spa_load_info,
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_DATA_ERRORS, sle.sle_data_count) == 0);
        } else {
                spa->spa_load_max_txg = spa->spa_uberblock.ub_txg;
        }
@@ -1551,7 +1985,7 @@ spa_try_repair(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
            &glist, &gcount) != 0)
                return;
 
-       vd = kmem_zalloc(gcount * sizeof (vdev_t *), KM_SLEEP);
+       vd = kmem_zalloc(gcount * sizeof (vdev_t *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
        /* attempt to online all the vdevs & validate */
        attempt_reopen = B_TRUE;
@@ -1605,6 +2039,7 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
 {
        nvlist_t *config = spa->spa_config;
        char *ereport = FM_EREPORT_ZFS_POOL;
+       char *comment;
        int error;
        uint64_t pool_guid;
        nvlist_t *nvl;
@@ -1612,6 +2047,10 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
        if (nvlist_lookup_uint64(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_POOL_GUID, &pool_guid))
                return (EINVAL);
 
+       ASSERT(spa->spa_comment == NULL);
+       if (nvlist_lookup_string(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_COMMENT, &comment) == 0)
+               spa->spa_comment = spa_strdup(comment);
+
        /*
         * Versioning wasn't explicitly added to the label until later, so if
         * it's not present treat it as the initial version.
@@ -1627,21 +2066,32 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
            spa_guid_exists(pool_guid, 0)) {
                error = EEXIST;
        } else {
-               spa->spa_load_guid = pool_guid;
+               spa->spa_config_guid = pool_guid;
 
                if (nvlist_lookup_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPLIT,
                    &nvl) == 0) {
                        VERIFY(nvlist_dup(nvl, &spa->spa_config_splitting,
-                           KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                           KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                }
 
+               nvlist_free(spa->spa_load_info);
+               spa->spa_load_info = fnvlist_alloc();
+
+               gethrestime(&spa->spa_loaded_ts);
                error = spa_load_impl(spa, pool_guid, config, state, type,
                    mosconfig, &ereport);
        }
 
        spa->spa_minref = refcount_count(&spa->spa_refcount);
-       if (error && error != EBADF)
-               zfs_ereport_post(ereport, spa, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
+       if (error) {
+               if (error != EEXIST) {
+                       spa->spa_loaded_ts.tv_sec = 0;
+                       spa->spa_loaded_ts.tv_nsec = 0;
+               }
+               if (error != EBADF) {
+                       zfs_ereport_post(ereport, spa, NULL, NULL, 0, 0);
+               }
+       }
        spa->spa_load_state = error ? SPA_LOAD_ERROR : SPA_LOAD_NONE;
        spa->spa_ena = 0;
 
@@ -1652,19 +2102,22 @@ spa_load(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type,
  * Load an existing storage pool, using the pool's builtin spa_config as a
  * source of configuration information.
  */
-static int
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+static inline int
 spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
     spa_load_state_t state, spa_import_type_t type, boolean_t mosconfig,
     char **ereport)
 {
        int error = 0;
        nvlist_t *nvroot = NULL;
+       nvlist_t *label;
        vdev_t *rvd;
        uberblock_t *ub = &spa->spa_uberblock;
-       uint64_t config_cache_txg = spa->spa_config_txg;
+       uint64_t children, config_cache_txg = spa->spa_config_txg;
        int orig_mode = spa->spa_mode;
        int parse;
        uint64_t obj;
+       boolean_t missing_feat_write = B_FALSE;
 
        /*
         * If this is an untrusted config, access the pool in read-only mode.
@@ -1731,7 +2184,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
         */
        if (type != SPA_IMPORT_ASSEMBLE) {
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
-               error = vdev_validate(rvd);
+               error = vdev_validate(rvd, mosconfig);
                spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
 
                if (error != 0)
@@ -1744,25 +2197,89 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        /*
         * Find the best uberblock.
         */
-       vdev_uberblock_load(NULL, rvd, ub);
+       vdev_uberblock_load(rvd, ub, &label);
 
        /*
         * If we weren't able to find a single valid uberblock, return failure.
         */
-       if (ub->ub_txg == 0)
+       if (ub->ub_txg == 0) {
+               nvlist_free(label);
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, ENXIO));
+       }
 
        /*
-        * If the pool is newer than the code, we can't open it.
+        * If the pool has an unsupported version we can't open it.
         */
-       if (ub->ub_version > SPA_VERSION)
+       if (!SPA_VERSION_IS_SUPPORTED(ub->ub_version)) {
+               nvlist_free(label);
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_VERSION_NEWER, ENOTSUP));
+       }
+
+       if (ub->ub_version >= SPA_VERSION_FEATURES) {
+               nvlist_t *features;
+
+               /*
+                * If we weren't able to find what's necessary for reading the
+                * MOS in the label, return failure.
+                */
+               if (label == NULL || nvlist_lookup_nvlist(label,
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_FEATURES_FOR_READ, &features) != 0) {
+                       nvlist_free(label);
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA,
+                           ENXIO));
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Update our in-core representation with the definitive values
+                * from the label.
+                */
+               nvlist_free(spa->spa_label_features);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_dup(features, &spa->spa_label_features, 0) == 0);
+       }
+
+       nvlist_free(label);
+
+       /*
+        * Look through entries in the label nvlist's features_for_read. If
+        * there is a feature listed there which we don't understand then we
+        * cannot open a pool.
+        */
+       if (ub->ub_version >= SPA_VERSION_FEATURES) {
+               nvlist_t *unsup_feat;
+               nvpair_t *nvp;
+
+               VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&unsup_feat, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) ==
+                   0);
+
+               for (nvp = nvlist_next_nvpair(spa->spa_label_features, NULL);
+                   nvp != NULL;
+                   nvp = nvlist_next_nvpair(spa->spa_label_features, nvp)) {
+                       if (!zfeature_is_supported(nvpair_name(nvp))) {
+                               VERIFY(nvlist_add_string(unsup_feat,
+                                   nvpair_name(nvp), "") == 0);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (!nvlist_empty(unsup_feat)) {
+                       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(spa->spa_load_info,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_UNSUP_FEAT, unsup_feat) == 0);
+                       nvlist_free(unsup_feat);
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_UNSUP_FEAT,
+                           ENOTSUP));
+               }
+
+               nvlist_free(unsup_feat);
+       }
 
        /*
         * If the vdev guid sum doesn't match the uberblock, we have an
-        * incomplete configuration.
+        * incomplete configuration.  We first check to see if the pool
+        * is aware of the complete config (i.e ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_CHILDREN).
+        * If it is, defer the vdev_guid_sum check till later so we
+        * can handle missing vdevs.
         */
-       if (mosconfig && type != SPA_IMPORT_ASSEMBLE &&
+       if (nvlist_lookup_uint64(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_CHILDREN,
+           &children) != 0 && mosconfig && type != SPA_IMPORT_ASSEMBLE &&
            rvd->vdev_guid_sum != ub->ub_guid_sum)
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_BAD_GUID_SUM, ENXIO));
 
@@ -1786,7 +2303,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        spa->spa_claim_max_txg = spa->spa_first_txg;
        spa->spa_prev_software_version = ub->ub_software_version;
 
-       error = dsl_pool_open(spa, spa->spa_first_txg, &spa->spa_dsl_pool);
+       error = dsl_pool_init(spa, spa->spa_first_txg, &spa->spa_dsl_pool);
        if (error)
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
        spa->spa_meta_objset = spa->spa_dsl_pool->dp_meta_objset;
@@ -1794,6 +2311,89 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        if (spa_dir_prop(spa, DMU_POOL_CONFIG, &spa->spa_config_object) != 0)
                return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
 
+       if (spa_version(spa) >= SPA_VERSION_FEATURES) {
+               boolean_t missing_feat_read = B_FALSE;
+               nvlist_t *unsup_feat, *enabled_feat;
+
+               if (spa_dir_prop(spa, DMU_POOL_FEATURES_FOR_READ,
+                   &spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj) != 0) {
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+               }
+
+               if (spa_dir_prop(spa, DMU_POOL_FEATURES_FOR_WRITE,
+                   &spa->spa_feat_for_write_obj) != 0) {
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+               }
+
+               if (spa_dir_prop(spa, DMU_POOL_FEATURE_DESCRIPTIONS,
+                   &spa->spa_feat_desc_obj) != 0) {
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+               }
+
+               enabled_feat = fnvlist_alloc();
+               unsup_feat = fnvlist_alloc();
+
+               if (!feature_is_supported(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj, spa->spa_feat_desc_obj,
+                   unsup_feat, enabled_feat))
+                       missing_feat_read = B_TRUE;
+
+               if (spa_writeable(spa) || state == SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT) {
+                       if (!feature_is_supported(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                           spa->spa_feat_for_write_obj, spa->spa_feat_desc_obj,
+                           unsup_feat, enabled_feat)) {
+                               missing_feat_write = B_TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               fnvlist_add_nvlist(spa->spa_load_info,
+                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_ENABLED_FEAT, enabled_feat);
+
+               if (!nvlist_empty(unsup_feat)) {
+                       fnvlist_add_nvlist(spa->spa_load_info,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_UNSUP_FEAT, unsup_feat);
+               }
+
+               fnvlist_free(enabled_feat);
+               fnvlist_free(unsup_feat);
+
+               if (!missing_feat_read) {
+                       fnvlist_add_boolean(spa->spa_load_info,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_CAN_RDONLY);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If the state is SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT, our objective is
+                * twofold: to determine whether the pool is available for
+                * import in read-write mode and (if it is not) whether the
+                * pool is available for import in read-only mode. If the pool
+                * is available for import in read-write mode, it is displayed
+                * as available in userland; if it is not available for import
+                * in read-only mode, it is displayed as unavailable in
+                * userland. If the pool is available for import in read-only
+                * mode but not read-write mode, it is displayed as unavailable
+                * in userland with a special note that the pool is actually
+                * available for open in read-only mode.
+                *
+                * As a result, if the state is SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT and we are
+                * missing a feature for write, we must first determine whether
+                * the pool can be opened read-only before returning to
+                * userland in order to know whether to display the
+                * abovementioned note.
+                */
+               if (missing_feat_read || (missing_feat_write &&
+                   spa_writeable(spa))) {
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_UNSUP_FEAT,
+                           ENOTSUP));
+               }
+       }
+
+       spa->spa_is_initializing = B_TRUE;
+       error = dsl_pool_open(spa->spa_dsl_pool);
+       spa->spa_is_initializing = B_FALSE;
+       if (error != 0)
+               return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
+
        if (!mosconfig) {
                uint64_t hostid;
                nvlist_t *policy = NULL, *nvconfig;
@@ -1824,7 +2424,7 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                                cmn_err(CE_WARN, "pool '%s' could not be "
                                    "loaded as it was last accessed by "
                                    "another system (host: %s hostid: 0x%lx). "
-                                   "See: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-EY",
+                                   "See: http://zfsonlinux.org/msg/ZFS-8000-EY",
                                    spa_name(spa), hostname,
                                    (unsigned long)hostid);
                                return (EBADF);
@@ -1982,13 +2582,6 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
 
        /*
-        * Check the state of the root vdev.  If it can't be opened, it
-        * indicates one or more toplevel vdevs are faulted.
-        */
-       if (rvd->vdev_state <= VDEV_STATE_CANT_OPEN)
-               return (ENXIO);
-
-       /*
         * Load the DDTs (dedup tables).
         */
        error = ddt_load(spa);
@@ -1997,16 +2590,12 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
 
        spa_update_dspace(spa);
 
-       if (state != SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT) {
-               error = spa_load_verify(spa);
-               if (error)
-                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA,
-                           error));
-       }
-
        /*
-        * Load the intent log state and check log integrity.  If we're
-        * assembling a pool from a split, the log is not transferred over.
+        * Validate the config, using the MOS config to fill in any
+        * information which might be missing.  If we fail to validate
+        * the config then declare the pool unfit for use. If we're
+        * assembling a pool from a split, the log is not transferred
+        * over.
         */
        if (type != SPA_IMPORT_ASSEMBLE) {
                nvlist_t *nvconfig;
@@ -2014,21 +2603,53 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                if (load_nvlist(spa, spa->spa_config_object, &nvconfig) != 0)
                        return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA, EIO));
 
-               VERIFY(nvlist_lookup_nvlist(nvconfig, ZPOOL_CONFIG_VDEV_TREE,
-                   &nvroot) == 0);
-               spa_load_log_state(spa, nvroot);
+               if (!spa_config_valid(spa, nvconfig)) {
+                       nvlist_free(nvconfig);
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_BAD_GUID_SUM,
+                           ENXIO));
+               }
                nvlist_free(nvconfig);
 
+               /*
+                * Now that we've validated the config, check the state of the
+                * root vdev.  If it can't be opened, it indicates one or
+                * more toplevel vdevs are faulted.
+                */
+               if (rvd->vdev_state <= VDEV_STATE_CANT_OPEN)
+                       return (ENXIO);
+
                if (spa_check_logs(spa)) {
                        *ereport = FM_EREPORT_ZFS_LOG_REPLAY;
                        return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_BAD_LOG, ENXIO));
                }
        }
 
+       if (missing_feat_write) {
+               ASSERT(state == SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT);
+
+               /*
+                * At this point, we know that we can open the pool in
+                * read-only mode but not read-write mode. We now have enough
+                * information and can return to userland.
+                */
+               return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_UNSUP_FEAT, ENOTSUP));
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * We've successfully opened the pool, verify that we're ready
+        * to start pushing transactions.
+        */
+       if (state != SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT) {
+               if ((error = spa_load_verify(spa)))
+                       return (spa_vdev_err(rvd, VDEV_AUX_CORRUPT_DATA,
+                           error));
+       }
+
        if (spa_writeable(spa) && (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER ||
            spa->spa_load_max_txg == UINT64_MAX)) {
                dmu_tx_t *tx;
                int need_update = B_FALSE;
+               int c;
 
                ASSERT(state != SPA_LOAD_TRYIMPORT);
 
@@ -2066,15 +2687,16 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
                 * If the config cache is stale, or we have uninitialized
                 * metaslabs (see spa_vdev_add()), then update the config.
                 *
-                * If spa_load_verbatim is true, trust the current
+                * If this is a verbatim import, trust the current
                 * in-core spa_config and update the disk labels.
                 */
                if (config_cache_txg != spa->spa_config_txg ||
-                   state == SPA_LOAD_IMPORT || spa->spa_load_verbatim ||
-                   state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER)
+                   state == SPA_LOAD_IMPORT ||
+                   state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER ||
+                   (spa->spa_import_flags & ZFS_IMPORT_VERBATIM))
                        need_update = B_TRUE;
 
-               for (int c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++)
+               for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++)
                        if (rvd->vdev_child[c]->vdev_ms_array == 0)
                                need_update = B_TRUE;
 
@@ -2110,21 +2732,31 @@ spa_load_impl(spa_t *spa, uint64_t pool_guid, nvlist_t *config,
 static int
 spa_load_retry(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, int mosconfig)
 {
+       int mode = spa->spa_mode;
+
        spa_unload(spa);
        spa_deactivate(spa);
 
        spa->spa_load_max_txg--;
 
-       spa_activate(spa, spa_mode_global);
+       spa_activate(spa, mode);
        spa_async_suspend(spa);
 
        return (spa_load(spa, state, SPA_IMPORT_EXISTING, mosconfig));
 }
 
+/*
+ * If spa_load() fails this function will try loading prior txg's. If
+ * 'state' is SPA_LOAD_RECOVER and one of these loads succeeds the pool
+ * will be rewound to that txg. If 'state' is not SPA_LOAD_RECOVER this
+ * function will not rewind the pool and will return the same error as
+ * spa_load().
+ */
 static int
 spa_load_best(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, int mosconfig,
     uint64_t max_request, int rewind_flags)
 {
+       nvlist_t *loadinfo = NULL;
        nvlist_t *config = NULL;
        int load_error, rewind_error;
        uint64_t safe_rewind_txg;
@@ -2153,9 +2785,18 @@ spa_load_best(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, int mosconfig,
                return (load_error);
        }
 
-       /* Price of rolling back is discarding txgs, including log */
-       if (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER)
+       if (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER) {
+               /* Price of rolling back is discarding txgs, including log */
                spa_set_log_state(spa, SPA_LOG_CLEAR);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * If we aren't rolling back save the load info from our first
+                * import attempt so that we can restore it after attempting
+                * to rewind.
+                */
+               loadinfo = spa->spa_load_info;
+               spa->spa_load_info = fnvlist_alloc();
+       }
 
        spa->spa_load_max_txg = spa->spa_last_ubsync_txg;
        safe_rewind_txg = spa->spa_last_ubsync_txg - TXG_DEFER_SIZE;
@@ -2173,16 +2814,26 @@ spa_load_best(spa_t *spa, spa_load_state_t state, int mosconfig,
                rewind_error = spa_load_retry(spa, state, mosconfig);
        }
 
-       if (config)
-               spa_rewind_data_to_nvlist(spa, config);
-
        spa->spa_extreme_rewind = B_FALSE;
        spa->spa_load_max_txg = UINT64_MAX;
 
        if (config && (rewind_error || state != SPA_LOAD_RECOVER))
                spa_config_set(spa, config);
 
-       return (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER ? rewind_error : load_error);
+       if (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER) {
+               ASSERT3P(loadinfo, ==, NULL);
+               return (rewind_error);
+       } else {
+               /* Store the rewind info as part of the initial load info */
+               fnvlist_add_nvlist(loadinfo, ZPOOL_CONFIG_REWIND_INFO,
+                   spa->spa_load_info);
+
+               /* Restore the initial load info */
+               fnvlist_free(spa->spa_load_info);
+               spa->spa_load_info = loadinfo;
+
+               return (load_error);
+       }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2202,6 +2853,7 @@ spa_open_common(const char *pool, spa_t **spapp, void *tag, nvlist_t *nvpolicy,
     nvlist_t **config)
 {
        spa_t *spa;
+       spa_load_state_t state = SPA_LOAD_OPEN;
        int error;
        int locked = B_FALSE;
 
@@ -2225,7 +2877,6 @@ spa_open_common(const char *pool, spa_t **spapp, void *tag, nvlist_t *nvpolicy,
        }
 
        if (spa->spa_state == POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
-               spa_load_state_t state = SPA_LOAD_OPEN;
                zpool_rewind_policy_t policy;
 
                zpool_get_rewind_policy(nvpolicy ? nvpolicy : spa->spa_config,
@@ -2264,9 +2915,13 @@ spa_open_common(const char *pool, spa_t **spapp, void *tag, nvlist_t *nvpolicy,
                         * information: the state of each vdev after the
                         * attempted vdev_open().  Return this to the user.
                         */
-                       if (config != NULL && spa->spa_config)
+                       if (config != NULL && spa->spa_config) {
                                VERIFY(nvlist_dup(spa->spa_config, config,
-                                   KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                                   KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
+                               VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(*config,
+                                   ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_INFO,
+                                   spa->spa_load_info) == 0);
+                       }
                        spa_unload(spa);
                        spa_deactivate(spa);
                        spa->spa_last_open_failed = error;
@@ -2275,15 +2930,22 @@ spa_open_common(const char *pool, spa_t **spapp, void *tag, nvlist_t *nvpolicy,
                        *spapp = NULL;
                        return (error);
                }
-
        }
 
        spa_open_ref(spa, tag);
 
-
        if (config != NULL)
                *config = spa_config_generate(spa, NULL, -1ULL, B_TRUE);
 
+       /*
+        * If we've recovered the pool, pass back any information we
+        * gathered while doing the load.
+        */
+       if (state == SPA_LOAD_RECOVER) {
+               VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(*config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_INFO,
+                   spa->spa_load_info) == 0);
+       }
+
        if (locked) {
                spa->spa_last_open_failed = 0;
                spa->spa_last_ubsync_txg = 0;
@@ -2441,8 +3103,50 @@ spa_add_l2cache(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
        }
 }
 
+static void
+spa_add_feature_stats(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *config)
+{
+       nvlist_t *features;
+       zap_cursor_t zc;
+       zap_attribute_t za;
+
+       ASSERT(spa_config_held(spa, SCL_CONFIG, RW_READER));
+       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&features, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+
+       if (spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj != 0) {
+               for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_feat_for_read_obj);
+                   zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
+                   zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
+                       ASSERT(za.za_integer_length == sizeof (uint64_t) &&
+                           za.za_num_integers == 1);
+                       VERIFY3U(0, ==, nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
+                           za.za_first_integer));
+               }
+               zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
+       }
+
+       if (spa->spa_feat_for_write_obj != 0) {
+               for (zap_cursor_init(&zc, spa->spa_meta_objset,
+                   spa->spa_feat_for_write_obj);
+                   zap_cursor_retrieve(&zc, &za) == 0;
+                   zap_cursor_advance(&zc)) {
+                       ASSERT(za.za_integer_length == sizeof (uint64_t) &&
+                           za.za_num_integers == 1);
+                       VERIFY3U(0, ==, nvlist_add_uint64(features, za.za_name,
+                           za.za_first_integer));
+               }
+               zap_cursor_fini(&zc);
+       }
+
+       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_FEATURE_STATS,
+           features) == 0);
+       nvlist_free(features);
+}
+
 int
-spa_get_stats(const char *name, nvlist_t **config, char *altroot, size_t buflen)
+spa_get_stats(const char *name, nvlist_t **config,
+    char *altroot, size_t buflen)
 {
        int error;
        spa_t *spa;
@@ -2459,6 +3163,13 @@ spa_get_stats(const char *name, nvlist_t **config, char *altroot, size_t buflen)
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_CONFIG, FTAG, RW_READER);
 
                if (*config != NULL) {
+                       uint64_t loadtimes[2];
+
+                       loadtimes[0] = spa->spa_loaded_ts.tv_sec;
+                       loadtimes[1] = spa->spa_loaded_ts.tv_nsec;
+                       VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64_array(*config,
+                           ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOADED_TIME, loadtimes, 2) == 0);
+
                        VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(*config,
                            ZPOOL_CONFIG_ERRCOUNT,
                            spa_get_errlog_size(spa)) == 0);
@@ -2470,6 +3181,7 @@ spa_get_stats(const char *name, nvlist_t **config, char *altroot, size_t buflen)
 
                        spa_add_spares(spa, *config);
                        spa_add_l2cache(spa, *config);
+                       spa_add_feature_stats(spa, *config);
                }
        }
 
@@ -2560,6 +3272,7 @@ spa_validate_aux_devs(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvroot, uint64_t crtxg, int mode,
                if ((strcmp(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE) == 0) &&
                    strcmp(vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_type, VDEV_TYPE_DISK) != 0) {
                        error = ENOTBLK;
+                       vdev_free(vd);
                        goto out;
                }
 #endif
@@ -2623,13 +3336,13 @@ spa_set_aux_vdevs(spa_aux_vdev_t *sav, nvlist_t **devs, int ndevs,
                    &olddevs, &oldndevs) == 0);
 
                newdevs = kmem_alloc(sizeof (void *) *
-                   (ndevs + oldndevs), KM_SLEEP);
+                   (ndevs + oldndevs), KM_PUSHPAGE);
                for (i = 0; i < oldndevs; i++)
                        VERIFY(nvlist_dup(olddevs[i], &newdevs[i],
-                           KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                           KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                for (i = 0; i < ndevs; i++)
                        VERIFY(nvlist_dup(devs[i], &newdevs[i + oldndevs],
-                           KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                           KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
 
                VERIFY(nvlist_remove(sav->sav_config, config,
                    DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
@@ -2644,7 +3357,7 @@ spa_set_aux_vdevs(spa_aux_vdev_t *sav, nvlist_t **devs, int ndevs,
                 * Generate a new dev list.
                 */
                VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&sav->sav_config, NV_UNIQUE_NAME,
-                   KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                   KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(sav->sav_config, config,
                    devs, ndevs) == 0);
        }
@@ -2669,10 +3382,6 @@ spa_l2cache_drop(spa_t *spa)
                if (spa_l2cache_exists(vd->vdev_guid, &pool) &&
                    pool != 0ULL && l2arc_vdev_present(vd))
                        l2arc_remove_vdev(vd);
-               if (vd->vdev_isl2cache)
-                       spa_l2cache_remove(vd);
-               vdev_clear_stats(vd);
-               (void) vdev_close(vd);
        }
 }
 
@@ -2693,6 +3402,9 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
        nvlist_t **spares, **l2cache;
        uint_t nspares, nl2cache;
        uint64_t version, obj;
+       boolean_t has_features;
+       nvpair_t *elem;
+       int c;
 
        /*
         * If this pool already exists, return failure.
@@ -2718,10 +3430,18 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
                return (error);
        }
 
-       if (nvlist_lookup_uint64(props, zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION),
-           &version) != 0)
+       has_features = B_FALSE;
+       for (elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(props, NULL);
+           elem != NULL; elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(props, elem)) {
+               if (zpool_prop_feature(nvpair_name(elem)))
+                       has_features = B_TRUE;
+       }
+
+       if (has_features || nvlist_lookup_uint64(props,
+           zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION), &version) != 0) {
                version = SPA_VERSION;
-       ASSERT(version <= SPA_VERSION);
+       }
+       ASSERT(SPA_VERSION_IS_SUPPORTED(version));
 
        spa->spa_first_txg = txg;
        spa->spa_uberblock.ub_txg = txg - 1;
@@ -2751,7 +3471,7 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
            (error = vdev_create(rvd, txg, B_FALSE)) == 0 &&
            (error = spa_validate_aux(spa, nvroot, txg,
            VDEV_ALLOC_ADD)) == 0) {
-               for (int c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+               for (c = 0; c < rvd->vdev_children; c++) {
                        vdev_metaslab_set_size(rvd->vdev_child[c]);
                        vdev_expand(rvd->vdev_child[c], txg);
                }
@@ -2773,7 +3493,7 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
        if (nvlist_lookup_nvlist_array(nvroot, ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPARES,
            &spares, &nspares) == 0) {
                VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&spa->spa_spares.sav_config, NV_UNIQUE_NAME,
-                   KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                   KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(spa->spa_spares.sav_config,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPARES, spares, nspares) == 0);
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
@@ -2788,7 +3508,7 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
        if (nvlist_lookup_nvlist_array(nvroot, ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE,
            &l2cache, &nl2cache) == 0) {
                VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&spa->spa_l2cache.sav_config,
-                   NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                   NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(spa->spa_l2cache.sav_config,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE, l2cache, nl2cache) == 0);
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
@@ -2797,8 +3517,10 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
                spa->spa_l2cache.sav_sync = B_TRUE;
        }
 
+       spa->spa_is_initializing = B_TRUE;
        spa->spa_dsl_pool = dp = dsl_pool_create(spa, zplprops, txg);
        spa->spa_meta_objset = dp->dp_meta_objset;
+       spa->spa_is_initializing = B_FALSE;
 
        /*
         * Create DDTs (dedup tables).
@@ -2822,6 +3544,9 @@ spa_create(const char *pool, nvlist_t *nvroot, nvlist_t *props,
                cmn_err(CE_PANIC, "failed to add pool config");
        }
 
+       if (spa_version(spa) >= SPA_VERSION_FEATURES)
+               spa_feature_create_zap_objects(spa, tx);
+
        if (zap_add(spa->spa_meta_objset,
            DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_CREATION_VERSION,
            sizeof (uint64_t), 1, &version, tx) != 0) {
@@ -2926,7 +3651,7 @@ spa_generate_rootconf(char *devpath, char *devid, uint64_t *guid)
        /*
         * Put this pool's top-level vdevs into a root vdev.
         */
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvroot, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvroot, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_string(nvroot, ZPOOL_CONFIG_TYPE,
            VDEV_TYPE_ROOT) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(nvroot, ZPOOL_CONFIG_ID, 0ULL) == 0);
@@ -2951,7 +3676,9 @@ spa_generate_rootconf(char *devpath, char *devid, uint64_t *guid)
 static void
 spa_alt_rootvdev(vdev_t *vd, vdev_t **avd, uint64_t *txg)
 {
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
+       int c;
+
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
                spa_alt_rootvdev(vd->vdev_child[c], avd, txg);
 
        if (vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf) {
@@ -3012,7 +3739,7 @@ spa_import_rootpool(char *devpath, char *devid)
        }
 #endif
        if (config == NULL) {
-               cmn_err(CE_NOTE, "Can not read the pool label from '%s'",
+               cmn_err(CE_NOTE, "Cannot read the pool label from '%s'",
                    devpath);
                return (EIO);
        }
@@ -3032,7 +3759,7 @@ spa_import_rootpool(char *devpath, char *devid)
 
        spa = spa_add(pname, config, NULL);
        spa->spa_is_root = B_TRUE;
-       spa->spa_load_verbatim = B_TRUE;
+       spa->spa_import_flags = ZFS_IMPORT_VERBATIM;
 
        /*
         * Build up a vdev tree based on the boot device's label config.
@@ -3081,7 +3808,8 @@ spa_import_rootpool(char *devpath, char *devid)
            !bvd->vdev_isspare) {
                cmn_err(CE_NOTE, "The boot device is currently spared. Please "
                    "try booting from '%s'",
-                   bvd->vdev_parent->vdev_child[1]->vdev_path);
+                   bvd->vdev_parent->
+                   vdev_child[bvd->vdev_parent->vdev_children - 1]->vdev_path);
                error = EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }
@@ -3101,48 +3829,17 @@ out:
 #endif
 
 /*
- * Take a pool and insert it into the namespace as if it had been loaded at
- * boot.
- */
-int
-spa_import_verbatim(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
-{
-       spa_t *spa;
-       char *altroot = NULL;
-
-       mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
-       if (spa_lookup(pool) != NULL) {
-               mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
-               return (EEXIST);
-       }
-
-       (void) nvlist_lookup_string(props,
-           zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT), &altroot);
-       spa = spa_add(pool, config, altroot);
-
-       spa->spa_load_verbatim = B_TRUE;
-
-       if (props != NULL)
-               spa_configfile_set(spa, props, B_FALSE);
-
-       spa_config_sync(spa, B_FALSE, B_TRUE);
-
-       mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
-       spa_history_log_version(spa, LOG_POOL_IMPORT);
-
-       return (0);
-}
-
-/*
  * Import a non-root pool into the system.
  */
 int
-spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
+spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props, uint64_t flags)
 {
        spa_t *spa;
        char *altroot = NULL;
        spa_load_state_t state = SPA_LOAD_IMPORT;
        zpool_rewind_policy_t policy;
+       uint64_t mode = spa_mode_global;
+       uint64_t readonly = B_FALSE;
        int error;
        nvlist_t *nvroot;
        nvlist_t **spares, **l2cache;
@@ -3157,23 +3854,45 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
                return (EEXIST);
        }
 
-       zpool_get_rewind_policy(config, &policy);
-       if (policy.zrp_request & ZPOOL_DO_REWIND)
-               state = SPA_LOAD_RECOVER;
-
        /*
         * Create and initialize the spa structure.
         */
        (void) nvlist_lookup_string(props,
            zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT), &altroot);
+       (void) nvlist_lookup_uint64(props,
+           zpool_prop_to_name(ZPOOL_PROP_READONLY), &readonly);
+       if (readonly)
+               mode = FREAD;
        spa = spa_add(pool, config, altroot);
-       spa_activate(spa, spa_mode_global);
+       spa->spa_import_flags = flags;
+
+       /*
+        * Verbatim import - Take a pool and insert it into the namespace
+        * as if it had been loaded at boot.
+        */
+       if (spa->spa_import_flags & ZFS_IMPORT_VERBATIM) {
+               if (props != NULL)
+                       spa_configfile_set(spa, props, B_FALSE);
+
+               spa_config_sync(spa, B_FALSE, B_TRUE);
+
+               mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
+               spa_history_log_version(spa, LOG_POOL_IMPORT);
+
+               return (0);
+       }
+
+       spa_activate(spa, mode);
 
        /*
         * Don't start async tasks until we know everything is healthy.
         */
        spa_async_suspend(spa);
 
+       zpool_get_rewind_policy(config, &policy);
+       if (policy.zrp_request & ZPOOL_DO_REWIND)
+               state = SPA_LOAD_RECOVER;
+
        /*
         * Pass off the heavy lifting to spa_load().  Pass TRUE for mosconfig
         * because the user-supplied config is actually the one to trust when
@@ -3181,14 +3900,16 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
         */
        if (state != SPA_LOAD_RECOVER)
                spa->spa_last_ubsync_txg = spa->spa_load_txg = 0;
+
        error = spa_load_best(spa, state, B_TRUE, policy.zrp_txg,
            policy.zrp_request);
 
        /*
-        * Propagate anything learned about failing or best txgs
-        * back to caller
+        * Propagate anything learned while loading the pool and pass it
+        * back to caller (i.e. rewind info, missing devices, etc).
         */
-       spa_rewind_data_to_nvlist(spa, config);
+       VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_INFO,
+           spa->spa_load_info) == 0);
 
        spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
        /*
@@ -3228,6 +3949,8 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
                return (error);
        }
 
+       spa_async_resume(spa);
+
        /*
         * Override any spares and level 2 cache devices as specified by
         * the user, as these may have correct device names/devids, etc.
@@ -3239,7 +3962,7 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
                            ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPARES, DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
                else
                        VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&spa->spa_spares.sav_config,
-                           NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                           NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(spa->spa_spares.sav_config,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPARES, spares, nspares) == 0);
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
@@ -3254,7 +3977,7 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
                            ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE, DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
                else
                        VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&spa->spa_l2cache.sav_config,
-                           NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                           NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(spa->spa_l2cache.sav_config,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE, l2cache, nl2cache) == 0);
                spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
@@ -3278,8 +4001,6 @@ spa_import(const char *pool, nvlist_t *config, nvlist_t *props)
                spa_config_update(spa, SPA_CONFIG_UPDATE_POOL);
        }
 
-       spa_async_resume(spa);
-
        /*
         * It's possible that the pool was expanded while it was exported.
         * We kick off an async task to handle this for us.
@@ -3332,6 +4053,8 @@ spa_tryimport(nvlist_t *tryconfig)
                    state) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_TIMESTAMP,
                    spa->spa_uberblock.ub_timestamp) == 0);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_LOAD_INFO,
+                   spa->spa_load_info) == 0);
 
                /*
                 * If the bootfs property exists on this pool then we
@@ -3339,7 +4062,7 @@ spa_tryimport(nvlist_t *tryconfig)
                 * pools are bootable.
                 */
                if ((!error || error == EEXIST) && spa->spa_bootfs) {
-                       char *tmpname = kmem_alloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_SLEEP);
+                       char *tmpname = kmem_alloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
                        /*
                         * We have to play games with the name since the
@@ -3348,7 +4071,7 @@ spa_tryimport(nvlist_t *tryconfig)
                        if (dsl_dsobj_to_dsname(spa_name(spa),
                            spa->spa_bootfs, tmpname) == 0) {
                                char *cp;
-                               char *dsname = kmem_alloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_SLEEP);
+                               char *dsname = kmem_alloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
                                cp = strchr(tmpname, '/');
                                if (cp == NULL) {
@@ -3471,7 +4194,7 @@ spa_export_common(char *pool, int new_state, nvlist_t **oldconfig,
                }
        }
 
-       spa_event_notify(spa, NULL, ESC_ZFS_POOL_DESTROY);
+       spa_event_notify(spa, NULL, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_POOL_DESTROY);
 
        if (spa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
                spa_unload(spa);
@@ -3541,6 +4264,9 @@ spa_vdev_add(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvroot)
        vdev_t *vd, *tvd;
        nvlist_t **spares, **l2cache;
        uint_t nspares, nl2cache;
+       int c;
+
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
 
        txg = spa_vdev_enter(spa);
 
@@ -3575,7 +4301,7 @@ spa_vdev_add(spa_t *spa, nvlist_t *nvroot)
        /*
         * Transfer each new top-level vdev from vd to rvd.
         */
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
 
                /*
                 * Set the vdev id to the first hole, if one exists.
@@ -3646,13 +4372,15 @@ int
 spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
 {
        uint64_t txg, dtl_max_txg;
-       vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       ASSERTV(vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;)
        vdev_t *oldvd, *newvd, *newrootvd, *pvd, *tvd;
        vdev_ops_t *pvops;
        char *oldvdpath, *newvdpath;
        int newvd_isspare;
        int error;
 
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
+
        txg = spa_vdev_enter(spa);
 
        oldvd = spa_lookup_by_guid(spa, guid, B_FALSE);
@@ -3666,7 +4394,7 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
        pvd = oldvd->vdev_parent;
 
        if ((error = spa_config_parse(spa, &newrootvd, nvroot, NULL, 0,
-           VDEV_ALLOC_ADD)) != 0)
+           VDEV_ALLOC_ATTACH)) != 0)
                return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, EINVAL));
 
        if (newrootvd->vdev_children != 1)
@@ -3702,7 +4430,7 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
                 * spares.
                 */
                if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops &&
-                   pvd->vdev_child[1] == oldvd &&
+                   oldvd->vdev_isspare &&
                    !spa_has_spare(spa, newvd->vdev_guid))
                        return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, newrootvd, txg, ENOTSUP));
 
@@ -3714,13 +4442,15 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
                 * the same (spare replaces spare, non-spare replaces
                 * non-spare).
                 */
-               if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops)
+               if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops &&
+                   spa_version(spa) < SPA_VERSION_MULTI_REPLACE) {
                        return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, newrootvd, txg, ENOTSUP));
-               else if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops &&
-                   newvd->vdev_isspare != oldvd->vdev_isspare)
+               else if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops &&
+                   newvd->vdev_isspare != oldvd->vdev_isspare) {
                        return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, newrootvd, txg, ENOTSUP));
-               else if (pvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_spare_ops &&
-                   newvd->vdev_isspare)
+               }
+
+               if (newvd->vdev_isspare)
                        pvops = &vdev_spare_ops;
                else
                        pvops = &vdev_replacing_ops;
@@ -3746,7 +4476,7 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
        if (strcmp(oldvd->vdev_path, newvd->vdev_path) == 0) {
                spa_strfree(oldvd->vdev_path);
                oldvd->vdev_path = kmem_alloc(strlen(newvd->vdev_path) + 5,
-                   KM_SLEEP);
+                   KM_PUSHPAGE);
                (void) sprintf(oldvd->vdev_path, "%s/%s",
                    newvd->vdev_path, "old");
                if (oldvd->vdev_devid != NULL) {
@@ -3755,6 +4485,9 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
                }
        }
 
+       /* mark the device being resilvered */
+       newvd->vdev_resilvering = B_TRUE;
+
        /*
         * If the parent is not a mirror, or if we're replacing, insert the new
         * mirror/replacing/spare vdev above oldvd.
@@ -3792,7 +4525,7 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
 
        if (newvd->vdev_isspare) {
                spa_spare_activate(newvd);
-               spa_event_notify(spa, newvd, ESC_ZFS_VDEV_SPARE);
+               spa_event_notify(spa, newvd, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DEVICE_SPARE);
        }
 
        oldvdpath = spa_strdup(oldvd->vdev_path);
@@ -3823,6 +4556,9 @@ spa_vdev_attach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, nvlist_t *nvroot, int replacing)
        spa_strfree(oldvdpath);
        spa_strfree(newvdpath);
 
+       if (spa->spa_bootfs)
+               spa_event_notify(spa, newvd, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_BOOTFS_VDEV_ATTACH);
+
        return (0);
 }
 
@@ -3836,12 +4572,14 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
 {
        uint64_t txg;
        int error;
-       vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;
+       ASSERTV(vdev_t *rvd = spa->spa_root_vdev;)
        vdev_t *vd, *pvd, *cvd, *tvd;
        boolean_t unspare = B_FALSE;
-       uint64_t unspare_guid;
-       size_t len;
+       uint64_t unspare_guid = 0;
        char *vdpath;
+       int c, t;
+
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
 
        txg = spa_vdev_enter(spa);
 
@@ -3872,18 +4610,11 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
                return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, EBUSY));
 
        /*
-        * If replace_done is specified, only remove this device if it's
-        * the first child of a replacing vdev.  For the 'spare' vdev, either
-        * disk can be removed.
+        * Only 'replacing' or 'spare' vdevs can be replaced.
         */
-       if (replace_done) {
-               if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops) {
-                       if (vd->vdev_id != 0)
-                               return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, ENOTSUP));
-               } else if (pvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_spare_ops) {
-                       return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, ENOTSUP));
-               }
-       }
+       if (replace_done && pvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_replacing_ops &&
+           pvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_spare_ops)
+               return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, ENOTSUP));
 
        ASSERT(pvd->vdev_ops != &vdev_spare_ops ||
            spa_version(spa) >= SPA_VERSION_SPARES);
@@ -3910,16 +4641,22 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
         * check to see if we changed the original vdev's path to have "/old"
         * at the end in spa_vdev_attach().  If so, undo that change now.
         */
-       if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops && vd->vdev_id == 1 &&
-           pvd->vdev_child[0]->vdev_path != NULL &&
-           pvd->vdev_child[1]->vdev_path != NULL) {
-               ASSERT(pvd->vdev_child[1] == vd);
-               cvd = pvd->vdev_child[0];
-               len = strlen(vd->vdev_path);
-               if (strncmp(cvd->vdev_path, vd->vdev_path, len) == 0 &&
-                   strcmp(cvd->vdev_path + len, "/old") == 0) {
-                       spa_strfree(cvd->vdev_path);
-                       cvd->vdev_path = spa_strdup(vd->vdev_path);
+       if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops && vd->vdev_id > 0 &&
+           vd->vdev_path != NULL) {
+               size_t len = strlen(vd->vdev_path);
+
+               for (c = 0; c < pvd->vdev_children; c++) {
+                       cvd = pvd->vdev_child[c];
+
+                       if (cvd == vd || cvd->vdev_path == NULL)
+                               continue;
+
+                       if (strncmp(cvd->vdev_path, vd->vdev_path, len) == 0 &&
+                           strcmp(cvd->vdev_path + len, "/old") == 0) {
+                               spa_strfree(cvd->vdev_path);
+                               cvd->vdev_path = spa_strdup(vd->vdev_path);
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
        }
 
@@ -3929,7 +4666,8 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
         * active spare list for the pool.
         */
        if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops &&
-           vd->vdev_id == 0 && pvd->vdev_child[1]->vdev_isspare)
+           vd->vdev_id == 0 &&
+           pvd->vdev_child[pvd->vdev_children - 1]->vdev_isspare)
                unspare = B_TRUE;
 
        /*
@@ -3951,7 +4689,7 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
        /*
         * Remember one of the remaining children so we can get tvd below.
         */
-       cvd = pvd->vdev_child[0];
+       cvd = pvd->vdev_child[pvd->vdev_children - 1];
 
        /*
         * If we need to remove the remaining child from the list of hot spares,
@@ -3967,14 +4705,20 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
                spa_spare_remove(cvd);
                unspare_guid = cvd->vdev_guid;
                (void) spa_vdev_remove(spa, unspare_guid, B_TRUE);
+               cvd->vdev_unspare = B_TRUE;
        }
 
        /*
         * If the parent mirror/replacing vdev only has one child,
         * the parent is no longer needed.  Remove it from the tree.
         */
-       if (pvd->vdev_children == 1)
+       if (pvd->vdev_children == 1) {
+               if (pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops)
+                       cvd->vdev_unspare = B_FALSE;
                vdev_remove_parent(cvd);
+               cvd->vdev_resilvering = B_FALSE;
+       }
+
 
        /*
         * We don't set tvd until now because the parent we just removed
@@ -4009,12 +4753,15 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
         * prevent vd from being accessed after it's freed.
         */
        vdpath = spa_strdup(vd->vdev_path);
-       for (int t = 0; t < TXG_SIZE; t++)
+       for (t = 0; t < TXG_SIZE; t++)
                (void) txg_list_remove_this(&tvd->vdev_dtl_list, vd, t);
        vd->vdev_detached = B_TRUE;
        vdev_dirty(tvd, VDD_DTL, vd, txg);
 
-       spa_event_notify(spa, vd, ESC_ZFS_VDEV_REMOVE);
+       spa_event_notify(spa, vd, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DEVICE_REMOVE);
+
+       /* hang on to the spa before we release the lock */
+       spa_open_ref(spa, FTAG);
 
        error = spa_vdev_exit(spa, vd, txg, 0);
 
@@ -4028,24 +4775,31 @@ spa_vdev_detach(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, uint64_t pguid, int replace_done)
         * list of every other pool.
         */
        if (unspare) {
-               spa_t *myspa = spa;
-               spa = NULL;
+               spa_t *altspa = NULL;
+
                mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
-               while ((spa = spa_next(spa)) != NULL) {
-                       if (spa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_ACTIVE)
-                               continue;
-                       if (spa == myspa)
+               while ((altspa = spa_next(altspa)) != NULL) {
+                       if (altspa->spa_state != POOL_STATE_ACTIVE ||
+                           altspa == spa)
                                continue;
-                       spa_open_ref(spa, FTAG);
+
+                       spa_open_ref(altspa, FTAG);
                        mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
-                       (void) spa_vdev_remove(spa, unspare_guid,
-                           B_TRUE);
+                       (void) spa_vdev_remove(altspa, unspare_guid, B_TRUE);
                        mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
-                       spa_close(spa, FTAG);
+                       spa_close(altspa, FTAG);
                }
                mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
+
+               /* search the rest of the vdevs for spares to remove */
+               spa_vdev_resilver_done(spa);
        }
 
+       /* all done with the spa; OK to release */
+       mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
+       spa_close(spa, FTAG);
+       mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
+
        return (error);
 }
 
@@ -4066,8 +4820,7 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
        vdev_t *rvd, **vml = NULL;                      /* vdev modify list */
        boolean_t activate_slog;
 
-       if (!spa_writeable(spa))
-               return (EROFS);
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
 
        txg = spa_vdev_enter(spa);
 
@@ -4118,8 +4871,8 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
            nvlist_lookup_nvlist(nvl, ZPOOL_CONFIG_L2CACHE, &tmp) == 0)
                return (spa_vdev_exit(spa, NULL, txg, EINVAL));
 
-       vml = kmem_zalloc(children * sizeof (vdev_t *), KM_SLEEP);
-       glist = kmem_zalloc(children * sizeof (uint64_t), KM_SLEEP);
+       vml = kmem_zalloc(children * sizeof (vdev_t *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
+       glist = kmem_zalloc(children * sizeof (uint64_t), KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
        /* then, loop over each vdev and validate it */
        for (c = 0; c < children; c++) {
@@ -4199,7 +4952,7 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
         * Temporarily record the splitting vdevs in the spa config.  This
         * will disappear once the config is regenerated.
         */
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvl, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvl, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64_array(nvl, ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPLIT_LIST,
            glist, children) == 0);
        kmem_free(glist, children * sizeof (uint64_t));
@@ -4246,7 +4999,7 @@ spa_vdev_split_mirror(spa_t *spa, char *newname, nvlist_t *config,
        /* if that worked, generate a real config for the new pool */
        if (newspa->spa_root_vdev != NULL) {
                VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&newspa->spa_config_splitting,
-                   NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+                   NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_uint64(newspa->spa_config_splitting,
                    ZPOOL_CONFIG_SPLIT_GUID, spa_guid(spa)) == 0);
                spa_config_set(newspa, spa_config_generate(newspa, NULL, -1ULL,
@@ -4335,7 +5088,9 @@ out:
 static nvlist_t *
 spa_nvlist_lookup_by_guid(nvlist_t **nvpp, int count, uint64_t target_guid)
 {
-       for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                uint64_t guid;
 
                VERIFY(nvlist_lookup_uint64(nvpp[i], ZPOOL_CONFIG_GUID,
@@ -4353,20 +5108,21 @@ spa_vdev_remove_aux(nvlist_t *config, char *name, nvlist_t **dev, int count,
        nvlist_t *dev_to_remove)
 {
        nvlist_t **newdev = NULL;
+       int i, j;
 
        if (count > 1)
-               newdev = kmem_alloc((count - 1) * sizeof (void *), KM_SLEEP);
+               newdev = kmem_alloc((count - 1) * sizeof (void *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
-       for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < count; i++) {
+       for (i = 0, j = 0; i < count; i++) {
                if (dev[i] == dev_to_remove)
                        continue;
-               VERIFY(nvlist_dup(dev[i], &newdev[j++], KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+               VERIFY(nvlist_dup(dev[i], &newdev[j++], KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        }
 
        VERIFY(nvlist_remove(config, name, DATA_TYPE_NVLIST_ARRAY) == 0);
        VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(config, name, newdev, count - 1) == 0);
 
-       for (int i = 0; i < count - 1; i++)
+       for (i = 0; i < count - 1; i++)
                nvlist_free(newdev[i]);
 
        if (count > 1)
@@ -4484,6 +5240,8 @@ spa_vdev_remove(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, boolean_t unspare)
        int error = 0;
        boolean_t locked = MUTEX_HELD(&spa_namespace_lock);
 
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
+
        if (!locked)
                txg = spa_vdev_enter(spa);
 
@@ -4585,19 +5343,27 @@ static vdev_t *
 spa_vdev_resilver_done_hunt(vdev_t *vd)
 {
        vdev_t *newvd, *oldvd;
+       int c;
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
                oldvd = spa_vdev_resilver_done_hunt(vd->vdev_child[c]);
                if (oldvd != NULL)
                        return (oldvd);
        }
 
        /*
-        * Check for a completed replacement.
+        * Check for a completed replacement.  We always consider the first
+        * vdev in the list to be the oldest vdev, and the last one to be
+        * the newest (see spa_vdev_attach() for how that works).  In
+        * the case where the newest vdev is faulted, we will not automatically
+        * remove it after a resilver completes.  This is OK as it will require
+        * user intervention to determine which disk the admin wishes to keep.
         */
-       if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops && vd->vdev_children == 2) {
+       if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops) {
+               ASSERT(vd->vdev_children > 1);
+
+               newvd = vd->vdev_child[vd->vdev_children - 1];
                oldvd = vd->vdev_child[0];
-               newvd = vd->vdev_child[1];
 
                if (vdev_dtl_empty(newvd, DTL_MISSING) &&
                    vdev_dtl_empty(newvd, DTL_OUTAGE) &&
@@ -4608,16 +5374,41 @@ spa_vdev_resilver_done_hunt(vdev_t *vd)
        /*
         * Check for a completed resilver with the 'unspare' flag set.
         */
-       if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops && vd->vdev_children == 2) {
-               newvd = vd->vdev_child[0];
-               oldvd = vd->vdev_child[1];
+       if (vd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops) {
+               vdev_t *first = vd->vdev_child[0];
+               vdev_t *last = vd->vdev_child[vd->vdev_children - 1];
+
+               if (last->vdev_unspare) {
+                       oldvd = first;
+                       newvd = last;
+               } else if (first->vdev_unspare) {
+                       oldvd = last;
+                       newvd = first;
+               } else {
+                       oldvd = NULL;
+               }
 
-               if (newvd->vdev_unspare &&
+               if (oldvd != NULL &&
                    vdev_dtl_empty(newvd, DTL_MISSING) &&
                    vdev_dtl_empty(newvd, DTL_OUTAGE) &&
-                   !vdev_dtl_required(oldvd)) {
-                       newvd->vdev_unspare = 0;
+                   !vdev_dtl_required(oldvd))
                        return (oldvd);
+
+               /*
+                * If there are more than two spares attached to a disk,
+                * and those spares are not required, then we want to
+                * attempt to free them up now so that they can be used
+                * by other pools.  Once we're back down to a single
+                * disk+spare, we stop removing them.
+                */
+               if (vd->vdev_children > 2) {
+                       newvd = vd->vdev_child[1];
+
+                       if (newvd->vdev_isspare && last->vdev_isspare &&
+                           vdev_dtl_empty(last, DTL_MISSING) &&
+                           vdev_dtl_empty(last, DTL_OUTAGE) &&
+                           !vdev_dtl_required(newvd))
+                               return (newvd);
                }
        }
 
@@ -4644,9 +5435,9 @@ spa_vdev_resilver_done(spa_t *spa)
                 * we need to detach the parent's first child (the original hot
                 * spare) as well.
                 */
-               if (ppvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops && pvd->vdev_id == 0) {
+               if (ppvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_spare_ops && pvd->vdev_id == 0 &&
+                   ppvd->vdev_children == 2) {
                        ASSERT(pvd->vdev_ops == &vdev_replacing_ops);
-                       ASSERT(ppvd->vdev_children == 2);
                        sguid = ppvd->vdev_child[1]->vdev_guid;
                }
                spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG);
@@ -4670,6 +5461,8 @@ spa_vdev_set_common(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, const char *value,
        vdev_t *vd;
        boolean_t sync = B_FALSE;
 
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
+
        spa_vdev_state_enter(spa, SCL_ALL);
 
        if ((vd = spa_lookup_by_guid(spa, guid, B_TRUE)) == NULL)
@@ -4755,6 +5548,8 @@ spa_scan(spa_t *spa, pool_scan_func_t func)
 static void
 spa_async_remove(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd)
 {
+       int c;
+
        if (vd->vdev_remove_wanted) {
                vd->vdev_remove_wanted = B_FALSE;
                vd->vdev_delayed_close = B_FALSE;
@@ -4773,33 +5568,33 @@ spa_async_remove(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd)
                vdev_state_dirty(vd->vdev_top);
        }
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
                spa_async_remove(spa, vd->vdev_child[c]);
 }
 
 static void
 spa_async_probe(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd)
 {
+       int c;
+
        if (vd->vdev_probe_wanted) {
                vd->vdev_probe_wanted = B_FALSE;
                vdev_reopen(vd);        /* vdev_open() does the actual probe */
        }
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++)
                spa_async_probe(spa, vd->vdev_child[c]);
 }
 
 static void
 spa_async_autoexpand(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd)
 {
-       sysevent_id_t eid;
-       nvlist_t *attr;
-       char *physpath;
+       int c;
 
        if (!spa->spa_autoexpand)
                return;
 
-       for (int c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
+       for (c = 0; c < vd->vdev_children; c++) {
                vdev_t *cvd = vd->vdev_child[c];
                spa_async_autoexpand(spa, cvd);
        }
@@ -4807,23 +5602,13 @@ spa_async_autoexpand(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd)
        if (!vd->vdev_ops->vdev_op_leaf || vd->vdev_physpath == NULL)
                return;
 
-       physpath = kmem_zalloc(MAXPATHLEN, KM_SLEEP);
-       (void) snprintf(physpath, MAXPATHLEN, "/devices%s", vd->vdev_physpath);
-
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&attr, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
-       VERIFY(nvlist_add_string(attr, DEV_PHYS_PATH, physpath) == 0);
-
-       (void) ddi_log_sysevent(zfs_dip, SUNW_VENDOR, EC_DEV_STATUS,
-           ESC_DEV_DLE, attr, &eid, DDI_SLEEP);
-
-       nvlist_free(attr);
-       kmem_free(physpath, MAXPATHLEN);
+       spa_event_notify(vd->vdev_spa, vd, FM_EREPORT_ZFS_DEVICE_AUTOEXPAND);
 }
 
 static void
 spa_async_thread(spa_t *spa)
 {
-       int tasks;
+       int tasks, i;
 
        ASSERT(spa->spa_sync_on);
 
@@ -4862,9 +5647,9 @@ spa_async_thread(spa_t *spa)
        if (tasks & SPA_ASYNC_REMOVE) {
                spa_vdev_state_enter(spa, SCL_NONE);
                spa_async_remove(spa, spa->spa_root_vdev);
-               for (int i = 0; i < spa->spa_l2cache.sav_count; i++)
+               for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_l2cache.sav_count; i++)
                        spa_async_remove(spa, spa->spa_l2cache.sav_vdevs[i]);
-               for (int i = 0; i < spa->spa_spares.sav_count; i++)
+               for (i = 0; i < spa->spa_spares.sav_count; i++)
                        spa_async_remove(spa, spa->spa_spares.sav_vdevs[i]);
                (void) spa_vdev_state_exit(spa, NULL, 0);
        }
@@ -4985,16 +5770,16 @@ spa_sync_nvlist(spa_t *spa, uint64_t obj, nvlist_t *nv, dmu_tx_t *tx)
         * information.  This avoids the dbuf_will_dirty() path and
         * saves us a pre-read to get data we don't actually care about.
         */
-       bufsize = P2ROUNDUP(nvsize, SPA_CONFIG_BLOCKSIZE);
-       packed = kmem_alloc(bufsize, KM_SLEEP);
+       bufsize = P2ROUNDUP((uint64_t)nvsize, SPA_CONFIG_BLOCKSIZE);
+       packed = vmem_alloc(bufsize, KM_PUSHPAGE);
 
        VERIFY(nvlist_pack(nv, &packed, &nvsize, NV_ENCODE_XDR,
-           KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+           KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        bzero(packed + nvsize, bufsize - nvsize);
 
        dmu_write(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, 0, bufsize, packed, tx);
 
-       kmem_free(packed, bufsize);
+       vmem_free(packed, bufsize);
 
        VERIFY(0 == dmu_bonus_hold(spa->spa_meta_objset, obj, FTAG, &db));
        dmu_buf_will_dirty(db, tx);
@@ -5027,11 +5812,11 @@ spa_sync_aux_dev(spa_t *spa, spa_aux_vdev_t *sav, dmu_tx_t *tx,
                    &sav->sav_object, tx) == 0);
        }
 
-       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvroot, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_SLEEP) == 0);
+       VERIFY(nvlist_alloc(&nvroot, NV_UNIQUE_NAME, KM_PUSHPAGE) == 0);
        if (sav->sav_count == 0) {
                VERIFY(nvlist_add_nvlist_array(nvroot, config, NULL, 0) == 0);
        } else {
-               list = kmem_alloc(sav->sav_count * sizeof (void *), KM_SLEEP);
+               list = kmem_alloc(sav->sav_count * sizeof (void *), KM_PUSHPAGE);
                for (i = 0; i < sav->sav_count; i++)
                        list[i] = vdev_config_generate(spa, sav->sav_vdevs[i],
                            B_FALSE, VDEV_CONFIG_L2CACHE);
@@ -5061,6 +5846,14 @@ spa_sync_config_object(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
        config = spa_config_generate(spa, spa->spa_root_vdev,
            dmu_tx_get_txg(tx), B_FALSE);
 
+       /*
+        * If we're upgrading the spa version then make sure that
+        * the config object gets updated with the correct version.
+        */
+       if (spa->spa_ubsync.ub_version < spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version)
+               fnvlist_add_uint64(config, ZPOOL_CONFIG_VERSION,
+                   spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version);
+
        spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG);
 
        if (spa->spa_config_syncing)
@@ -5070,6 +5863,24 @@ spa_sync_config_object(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
        spa_sync_nvlist(spa, spa->spa_config_object, config, tx);
 }
 
+static void
+spa_sync_version(void *arg1, void *arg2, dmu_tx_t *tx)
+{
+       spa_t *spa = arg1;
+       uint64_t version = *(uint64_t *)arg2;
+
+       /*
+        * Setting the version is special cased when first creating the pool.
+        */
+       ASSERT(tx->tx_txg != TXG_INITIAL);
+
+       ASSERT(SPA_VERSION_IS_SUPPORTED(version));
+       ASSERT(version >= spa_version(spa));
+
+       spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version = version;
+       vdev_config_dirty(spa->spa_root_vdev);
+}
+
 /*
  * Set zpool properties.
  */
@@ -5079,32 +5890,39 @@ spa_sync_props(void *arg1, void *arg2, dmu_tx_t *tx)
        spa_t *spa = arg1;
        objset_t *mos = spa->spa_meta_objset;
        nvlist_t *nvp = arg2;
-       nvpair_t *elem;
-       uint64_t intval;
-       char *strval;
-       zpool_prop_t prop;
-       const char *propname;
-       zprop_type_t proptype;
+       nvpair_t *elem = NULL;
 
        mutex_enter(&spa->spa_props_lock);
 
-       elem = NULL;
        while ((elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(nvp, elem))) {
-               switch (prop = zpool_name_to_prop(nvpair_name(elem))) {
+               uint64_t intval;
+               char *strval, *fname;
+               zpool_prop_t prop;
+               const char *propname;
+               zprop_type_t proptype;
+               zfeature_info_t *feature;
+
+               prop = zpool_name_to_prop(nvpair_name(elem));
+               switch ((int)prop) {
+               case ZPROP_INVAL:
+                       /*
+                        * We checked this earlier in spa_prop_validate().
+                        */
+                       ASSERT(zpool_prop_feature(nvpair_name(elem)));
+
+                       fname = strchr(nvpair_name(elem), '@') + 1;
+                       VERIFY3U(0, ==, zfeature_lookup_name(fname, &feature));
+
+                       spa_feature_enable(spa, feature, tx);
+                       break;
+
                case ZPOOL_PROP_VERSION:
+                       VERIFY(nvpair_value_uint64(elem, &intval) == 0);
                        /*
-                        * Only set version for non-zpool-creation cases
-                        * (set/import). spa_create() needs special care
-                        * for version setting.
+                        * The version is synced seperatly before other
+                        * properties and should be correct by now.
                         */
-                       if (tx->tx_txg != TXG_INITIAL) {
-                               VERIFY(nvpair_value_uint64(elem,
-                                   &intval) == 0);
-                               ASSERT(intval <= SPA_VERSION);
-                               ASSERT(intval >= spa_version(spa));
-                               spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version = intval;
-                               vdev_config_dirty(spa->spa_root_vdev);
-                       }
+                       ASSERT3U(spa_version(spa), >=, intval);
                        break;
 
                case ZPOOL_PROP_ALTROOT:
@@ -5115,24 +5933,36 @@ spa_sync_props(void *arg1, void *arg2, dmu_tx_t *tx)
                        ASSERT(spa->spa_root != NULL);
                        break;
 
+               case ZPOOL_PROP_READONLY:
                case ZPOOL_PROP_CACHEFILE:
                        /*
-                        * 'cachefile' is also a non-persisitent property.
+                        * 'readonly' and 'cachefile' are also non-persisitent
+                        * properties.
+                        */
+                       break;
+               case ZPOOL_PROP_COMMENT:
+                       VERIFY(nvpair_value_string(elem, &strval) == 0);
+                       if (spa->spa_comment != NULL)
+                               spa_strfree(spa->spa_comment);
+                       spa->spa_comment = spa_strdup(strval);
+                       /*
+                        * We need to dirty the configuration on all the vdevs
+                        * so that their labels get updated.  It's unnecessary
+                        * to do this for pool creation since the vdev's
+                        * configuratoin has already been dirtied.
                         */
+                       if (tx->tx_txg != TXG_INITIAL)
+                               vdev_config_dirty(spa->spa_root_vdev);
                        break;
                default:
                        /*
                         * Set pool property values in the poolprops mos object.
                         */
                        if (spa->spa_pool_props_object == 0) {
-                               VERIFY((spa->spa_pool_props_object =
-                                   zap_create(mos, DMU_OT_POOL_PROPS,
-                                   DMU_OT_NONE, 0, tx)) > 0);
-
-                               VERIFY(zap_update(mos,
+                               spa->spa_pool_props_object =
+                                   zap_create_link(mos, DMU_OT_POOL_PROPS,
                                    DMU_POOL_DIRECTORY_OBJECT, DMU_POOL_PROPS,
-                                   8, 1, &spa->spa_pool_props_object, tx)
-                                   == 0);
+                                   tx);
                        }
 
                        /* normalize the property name */
@@ -5231,6 +6061,11 @@ spa_sync_upgrades(spa_t *spa, dmu_tx_t *tx)
                /* Keeping the freedir open increases spa_minref */
                spa->spa_minref += 3;
        }
+
+       if (spa->spa_ubsync.ub_version < SPA_VERSION_FEATURES &&
+           spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version >= SPA_VERSION_FEATURES) {
+               spa_feature_create_zap_objects(spa, tx);
+       }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -5248,6 +6083,9 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
        vdev_t *vd;
        dmu_tx_t *tx;
        int error;
+       int c;
+
+       VERIFY(spa_writeable(spa));
 
        /*
         * Lock out configuration changes.
@@ -5283,6 +6121,12 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
 
        tx = dmu_tx_create_assigned(dp, txg);
 
+       spa->spa_sync_starttime = gethrtime();
+       taskq_cancel_id(system_taskq, spa->spa_deadman_tqid);
+       spa->spa_deadman_tqid = taskq_dispatch_delay(system_taskq,
+           spa_deadman, spa, TQ_SLEEP, ddi_get_lbolt() +
+           NSEC_TO_TICK(spa->spa_deadman_synctime));
+
        /*
         * If we are upgrading to SPA_VERSION_RAIDZ_DEFLATE this txg,
         * set spa_deflate if we have no raid-z vdevs.
@@ -5336,7 +6180,7 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                spa_errlog_sync(spa, txg);
                dsl_pool_sync(dp, txg);
 
-               if (pass <= SYNC_PASS_DEFERRED_FREE) {
+               if (pass < zfs_sync_pass_deferred_free) {
                        zio_t *zio = zio_root(spa, NULL, NULL, 0);
                        bplist_iterate(free_bpl, spa_free_sync_cb,
                            zio, tx);
@@ -5349,7 +6193,7 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                ddt_sync(spa, txg);
                dsl_scan_sync(dp, tx);
 
-               while (vd = txg_list_remove(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list, txg))
+               while ((vd = txg_list_remove(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list, txg)))
                        vdev_sync(vd, txg);
 
                if (pass == 1)
@@ -5379,7 +6223,7 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                        int children = rvd->vdev_children;
                        int c0 = spa_get_random(children);
 
-                       for (int c = 0; c < children; c++) {
+                       for (c = 0; c < children; c++) {
                                vd = rvd->vdev_child[(c0 + c) % children];
                                if (vd->vdev_ms_array == 0 || vd->vdev_islog)
                                        continue;
@@ -5399,6 +6243,9 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
                                    rvd->vdev_children, txg, B_TRUE);
                }
 
+               if (error == 0)
+                       spa->spa_last_synced_guid = rvd->vdev_guid;
+
                spa_config_exit(spa, SCL_STATE, FTAG);
 
                if (error == 0)
@@ -5408,6 +6255,9 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
        }
        dmu_tx_commit(tx);
 
+       taskq_cancel_id(system_taskq, spa->spa_deadman_tqid);
+       spa->spa_deadman_tqid = 0;
+
        /*
         * Clear the dirty config list.
         */
@@ -5431,7 +6281,7 @@ spa_sync(spa_t *spa, uint64_t txg)
        /*
         * Update usable space statistics.
         */
-       while (vd = txg_list_remove(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list, TXG_CLEAN(txg)))
+       while ((vd = txg_list_remove(&spa->spa_vdev_txg_list, TXG_CLEAN(txg))))
                vdev_sync_done(vd, txg);
 
        spa_update_dspace(spa);
@@ -5467,7 +6317,8 @@ spa_sync_allpools(void)
        spa_t *spa = NULL;
        mutex_enter(&spa_namespace_lock);
        while ((spa = spa_next(spa)) != NULL) {
-               if (spa_state(spa) != POOL_STATE_ACTIVE || spa_suspended(spa))
+               if (spa_state(spa) != POOL_STATE_ACTIVE ||
+                   !spa_writeable(spa) || spa_suspended(spa))
                        continue;
                spa_open_ref(spa, FTAG);
                mutex_exit(&spa_namespace_lock);
@@ -5547,6 +6398,8 @@ spa_lookup_by_guid(spa_t *spa, uint64_t guid, boolean_t aux)
 void
 spa_upgrade(spa_t *spa, uint64_t version)
 {
+       ASSERT(spa_writeable(spa));
+
        spa_config_enter(spa, SCL_ALL, FTAG, RW_WRITER);
 
        /*
@@ -5554,7 +6407,7 @@ spa_upgrade(spa_t *spa, uint64_t version)
         * future version would result in an unopenable pool, this shouldn't be
         * possible.
         */
-       ASSERT(spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version <= SPA_VERSION);
+       ASSERT(SPA_VERSION_IS_SUPPORTED(spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version));
        ASSERT(version >= spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version);
 
        spa->spa_uberblock.ub_version = version;
@@ -5607,8 +6460,7 @@ spa_has_active_shared_spare(spa_t *spa)
 }
 
 /*
- * Post a sysevent corresponding to the given event.  The 'name' must be one of
- * the event definitions in sys/sysevent/eventdefs.h.  The payload will be
+ * Post a FM_EREPORT_ZFS_* event from sys/fm/fs/zfs.h.  The payload will be
  * filled in from the spa and (optionally) the vdev.  This doesn't do anything
  * in the userland libzpool, as we don't want consumers to misinterpret ztest
  * or zdb as real changes.
@@ -5617,49 +6469,65 @@ void
 spa_event_notify(spa_t *spa, vdev_t *vd, const char *name)
 {
 #ifdef _KERNEL
-       sysevent_t              *ev;
-       sysevent_attr_list_t    *attr = NULL;
-       sysevent_value_t        value;
-       sysevent_id_t           eid;
-
-       ev = sysevent_alloc(EC_ZFS, (char *)name, SUNW_KERN_PUB "zfs",
-           SE_SLEEP);
-
-       value.value_type = SE_DATA_TYPE_STRING;
-       value.value.sv_string = spa_name(spa);
-       if (sysevent_add_attr(&attr, ZFS_EV_POOL_NAME, &value, SE_SLEEP) != 0)
-               goto done;
-
-       value.value_type = SE_DATA_TYPE_UINT64;
-       value.value.sv_uint64 = spa_guid(spa);
-       if (sysevent_add_attr(&attr, ZFS_EV_POOL_GUID, &value, SE_SLEEP) != 0)
-               goto done;
-
-       if (vd) {
-               value.value_type = SE_DATA_TYPE_UINT64;
-               value.value.sv_uint64 = vd->vdev_guid;
-               if (sysevent_add_attr(&attr, ZFS_EV_VDEV_GUID, &value,
-                   SE_SLEEP) != 0)
-                       goto done;
-
-               if (vd->vdev_path) {
-                       value.value_type = SE_DATA_TYPE_STRING;
-                       value.value.sv_string = vd->vdev_path;
-                       if (sysevent_add_attr(&attr, ZFS_EV_VDEV_PATH,
-                           &value, SE_SLEEP) != 0)
-                               goto done;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (sysevent_attach_attributes(ev, attr) != 0)
-               goto done;
-       attr = NULL;
-
-       (void) log_sysevent(ev, SE_SLEEP, &eid);
-
-done:
-       if (attr)
-               sysevent_free_attr(attr);
-       sysevent_free(ev);
+       zfs_ereport_post(name, spa, vd, NULL, 0, 0);
 #endif
 }
+
+#if defined(_KERNEL) && defined(HAVE_SPL)
+/* state manipulation functions */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_open);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_open_rewind);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_get_stats);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_create);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_import_rootpool);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_import);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_tryimport);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_destroy);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_export);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_reset);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_async_request);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_async_suspend);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_async_resume);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_inject_addref);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_inject_delref);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_scan_stat_init);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_scan_get_stats);
+
+/* device maniion */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_add);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_attach);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_detach);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_remove);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_setpath);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_setfru);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_vdev_split_mirror);
+
+/* spare statech is global across all pools) */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_spare_add);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_spare_remove);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_spare_exists);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_spare_activate);
+
+/* L2ARC statech is global across all pools) */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_l2cache_add);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_l2cache_remove);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_l2cache_exists);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_l2cache_activate);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_l2cache_drop);
+
+/* scanning */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_scan);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_scan_stop);
+
+/* spa syncing */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_sync); /* only for DMU use */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_sync_allpools);
+
+/* properties */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_prop_set);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_prop_get);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_prop_clear_bootfs);
+
+/* asynchronous event notification */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(spa_event_notify);
+#endif